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All Journal Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Emerging Science Journal Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Kumar, Vinod
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Environmental Science Mathematics

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Free-space optical channel performance under atmospheric losses using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Mani, Vinoth Kumar; Kumar, Vinod
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 25, No 3: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i3.pp1571-1579

Abstract

Free space optics (FSO) is a fast-growing technology that outperforms fiber optics in communication network infrastructure without spectrum licensing. The goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of the FSO communication system using direct detection 4-quadrature amplitude modulation (4-QAM) and 4-phase shift keying (4-PSK) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. Simulating a direct detection OFDM-FSO system and comparing constellation diagrams, electrical power, and optical power have been used to conduct the analysis. The model is validated using a constellation diagram of received signals for various FSO channel ranges and weather conditions. According to simulation results, the OFDM-FSO architecture combined with the 4-QAM modulation technique produces the most efficient output with the least amount of power consumption for data rates up to 10 Gb/s and FSO channel ranges of up to 3 km for clear air, 1.7 km, and 1.3 km for thin and thick fog, and 0.7 km for heavy fog. This investigation can enhance the current fiber optic network's structure connected with the FSO system to provide last-mile connectivity in 5G modules.
Extreme Vertices of the Psi-Divisible Graph of the Group Z_{p^n} Kumar, Amit; Kumar, Vinod; Sehgal, Amit
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i2.2145

Abstract

The $\Psi$-divisible graph of a finite group $G$, denoted by $\Psi_G$ is a special type of simple undirected graph, in which the set of vertices contains non-trivial subgroups of $G$ and two distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ are adjacent if and only if $u$ is a proper subgroup of $v$ such that $\Psi(u)|\Psi(v)$ or $v$ is a proper subgroup of $u$ such that $\Psi(v)|\Psi(u)$. The existence of extreme vertices in the $\Psi$-divisible graph of the finite cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_{p^n}$ is described in this article.
Integration of Next Generation IIoT with Blockchain for the Development of Smart Industries Iqbal, Aamir; Amir, Mohammad; Kumar, Vinod; Alam, Aftab; Umair, Mohammad
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 4 (2020): Special Issue "IoT, IoV, and Blockchain" (2020-2021)
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2020-SP1-01

Abstract

In modern era, a wide range of smart industries is being focus on automation-based applications. Various technologies are rapidly implementing in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for manufacturing sectors that helping to achieve advanced schedule production framework and on time delivery of products. The integration of IIoT platforms with the blockchain are challenging service in manufacturing system. The primary objective of this article is to characterize various issues and challenges that are implementing IIoT and blockchain in industries. The proposed work is an integration of IIoT and blockchain in industrial processes for solving the security issues in real-time. Also, identifying various enablers of blockchain and issues of IIoT from smart industries manufacturing using a survey tool is formed in the form of questionnaire. Based on these responses Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique has been implemented for categorizing these challenges into cause and effect. In this paper, we introduce the general layout with their key issues and challenges of IIoT and blockchain that signifies the safety requirements to design the IIoT and blockchain. Further, we describe how IIoT can be integrated to the blockchain for smart Industrial applications. Finally, various recommendations are the proposed to upcoming IIoT and blockchain developments. The proposed work will be highly beneficial for the smart industries to develop a next generation IIoT and blockchain based framework.
Co-Authors Alam, Aftab Iqbal, Aamir Kumar, Amit Mani, Vinoth Kumar MOHAMMAD AMIR, MOHAMMAD Sehgal, Amit Umair, Mohammad