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Cyuzuzo, Callixte
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Public Health

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Chemical Composition and In vitro Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed Extract Cyuzuzo, Callixte; Arwati, Heny; Irene, Tuyishimire; Shoukat, Shahzad
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 16, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v16i3.26799

Abstract

Nigella sativa L. is a plant with high medicinal profile in the treatment of diseases. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Nigella sativa L. seed extract. Seeds were purchased from supermarket and blended into powder using electric blender. The powder was macerated with 96% methanol. The extracts were then qualitatively screened to test the presence of secondary metabolites and agar well diffusion method was employed to study the antibacterial activity of extracts. In this evaluation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effect of extract on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). MTT assay was done on different extract concentrations for 3 days and the results were recorded daily. The findings revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The antibacterial activity was observed with the inhibition zones ranging from 11.3 ±1.1 to 16.3 ±1.5mm while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extract ranged between 0.5 and 1.25 μg/mL. The black seed extracts contain bioactive substances with germicidal activity and in vitro administration of black seed extract up to the dose of 100 μg/mL resulted no cytotoxic effect on PBMCs.
Homesickness, Anxiety and Depression among Pakistani International Students in Indonesia during Covid-19 Outbreak Shoukat, Shahzad; Cyuzuzo, Callixte
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 17, No 2 (2021): KEMAS (Article in Press)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v17i2.31300

Abstract

International students are exposed to multiple mental health crisis due to social, environmental and culture shocks in foreign lands but it gets worse in presence of life- threatening disease outbreak. This research was conducted to evaluate the homesickness, anxiety and depression among Pakistani international students in Indonesia during Covid-19 Outbreak. Methods: This study was conducted on 86 random students that are pursuing their studies in different public and private universities in Indonesia. The data were collected by distributing google forms via email and social media groups and the responses from the respondents were recorded and analyzed statistically. The study findings revealed that there is a correlation between Covid-19 pandemic and the development of various mental health crisis where 33 students (38.37 %) developed homesickness, 11 students (12.79%) developed anxiety and 2 students (2.33 %) manifested low-grade depression. Homesickness was outstandingly observed in females (72.72 %) whereas anxiety was highly reported in males (90.90%).  The study findings demonstrated that there is a strong negative correlation between student financial statuses and the development of homesickness (r: -0.977, P: 0.023) and anxiety (r: -0.944, P:  0.056). All in all, the fear to contract coronavirus, lockdowns, financial instability, death toll of citizens and medical professionals, run out of medical facilities and social media hoaxes are significant risk factors of mental health crisis among Pakistani international students in Indonesia.  
Co-Authors Heny Arwati Irene, Tuyishimire Shoukat, Shahzad