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All Journal JSAI (Journal Scientific and Applied Informatics) Journal of System and Computer Engineering Informatics, Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Mafula, Veradella Yuelisa
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Journal : Journal of System and Computer Engineering

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Hill Cipher-Based Visual Cryptography for Copyright Protection of Images Using Flexible Matrix Keys Mafula, Veradella Yuelisa; Fauzan, Abd. Charis; Prabowo, Tito; Ramadhan, Muhammad Rizky
Journal of System and Computer Engineering Vol 6 No 1 (2025): JSCE: January 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pancasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61628/jsce.v6i1.1634

Abstract

The widespread distribution of digital images on the internet has diminished the copyright protection associated with them. In some cases, copyrighted and economically valuable digital images should not be modified or distributed without permission, as altering the original image can harm its owner. This violation is common, but many internet users are unaware of it. The goal of this research is to protect intellectual property rights of digital images using visual cryptography based on the Hill Cipher algorithm with matrix key flexibility. Hill Cipher is chosen for its ability to encrypt data in blocks, making it more secure than classical cryptographic algorithms that encrypt data individually. Visual cryptography is used to secure digital images through encryption and decryption. Encryption scrambles the image, while decryption restores it. The research method involves collecting digital image datasets, preprocessing, Hill Cipher encryption, and decryption. Key flexibility includes matrix keys of 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 to enhance security. This research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the Hill Cipher algorithm in protecting digital images through encryption and decryption processes with flexible matrix keys of size 2x2 and 3x3. The results of the experiments, including encryption and decryption using both matrix sizes, have been thoroughly analyzed with respect to various cryptographic metrics: histogram analysis, energy, entropy, and running time.
Performance Optimization of Image Cryptography for Copyright Protection on High-Resolution Images Using the Hill Cipher with Flexible Matrix Keys Rohman, Miftakhul; Fauzan, Abd. Charis; Mafula, Veradella Yuelisa
Journal of System and Computer Engineering Vol 7 No 1 (2026): JSCE: January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pancasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61628/jsce.v7i1.2471

Abstract

The increasing use of high-resolution digital images has raised serious concerns regarding copyright protection and unauthorized distribution. Image cryptography is one of the effective approaches to safeguard visual data by transforming images into unintelligible forms. The Hill Cipher algorithm, which is based on matrix operations, has potential for image encryption; however, its application to high-resolution images often suffers from high computational cost. This study proposes a performance optimization of image cryptography for copyright protection by exploiting the flexibility of matrix key sizes in the Hill Cipher algorithm. The optimization focuses on improving computational efficiency without modifying the fundamental cryptographic mechanism. Experiments were conducted on high-resolution images using different matrix key sizes (2×2, 3×3, and 4×4). Performance was evaluated in terms of encryption and decryption time, while security robustness was assessed using Entropy, Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI). The experimental results demonstrate that increasing the matrix key size significantly reduces the total computation time, achieving up to nearly 50% performance improvement, while maintaining high security levels. The encrypted images exhibit entropy values close to the ideal level, NPCR values above 99%, and stable UACI values, indicating strong randomness and diffusion properties. These findings confirm that the proposed optimization improves computational performance without compromising cryptographic security. Therefore, the optimized Hill Cipher remains effective and suitable for copyright protection of high-resolution images.
Co-Authors Abd. Charis Fauzan Lestariningsih Miftakhul Rohman, Muhammad Yasin, Iwan Marwan, Miftakhul Rohman, Mochammad Arifin Muhammad Rizky Ramadhan Prabowo, Tito