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Utilization of dairy waste scum oil for microwave-assisted biodiesel production over KOH-waste eggshell based calcium oxide catalyst Mohd Johari, Siti Aminah; Ayoub, Muhammad; Lee, Jhung Zhi; Rashidi, Nor Adilla; Shamsuddin, M Rashid
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.59995

Abstract

The sustainability can be maintained by utilizing the available waste as feedstock and catalyst such as dairy and eggshell waste respectively for biodiesel production. In this study, the calcium oxide (CaO) synthesized from calcined eggshell was doped with potassium hydroxide (KOH-ECaO) via wet impregnation method and analyzed the catalyst performance on biodiesel production from dairy waste scum oil (DWSO) via microwave assisted transesterification. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) contents were deduced by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The KOH-ECaO catalyst showed a good potential based on the characterizations analysis such as high pore size (25.5 nm) which supported by SEM pattern analysis. The highest biodiesel production (75%) was obtained at optimum reaction parameters conditions. The optimized conditions were discovered to be 3 wt.% of catalyst, 16:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature of 65°C and 15 minutes of reaction time as microwave provided faster reaction for the transesterification. These innovative results showed that KOH-ECaO could enhance the biodiesel production from DWSO which encouraged the usage of waste for wealth product.
Extraction of Flavonoid Content from Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca L.) by Ultrasound – Assisted Extraction Method and Its SPF Value Putri, Hasna Nabila; Budi Nursanto, Eduardus; Floresyona, Dita; Ayoub, Muhammad; Yusouf, Mohd Hizami Mohd
Journal of Emerging Supply Chain, Clean Energy, and Process Engineering Vol 2 No 2 (2023): Journal of Emerging Supply Chain, Clean Energy and Process Engineering
Publisher : Universitas Pertamina

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57102/jescee.v2i2.73

Abstract

In this study, banana peel was used as a natural sunscreen compound because of its natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and phenols. Extraction is carried out using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction method with variations in ethanol solvent concentration and material to solvent ratio at 45oC for 45 minutes. The ethanol concentrations used are 96%, 70%, and 50% and the material to solvent ratio 1/10, 1/20, and 1/30. From the results of the study, the highest yield and SPF value were obtained at ethanol concentration of 50% and material to solvent ratio 1/30. The yield in this variation is 15.2646%, and the SPF value is 8.9874 with the maximum protection category. The highest Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) results was obtained at 70% ethanol concentration and the ratio of material to solvent 1/30, namely 1.6559 mg QE/g. From the variation with the best TFC value, the mass transfer coefficient is 0.0151 mL/µg QE.min.
The Impact of ESG Performance on Firm Financial Risk: Evidence from ASEAN-4 Energy Companies Ayoub, Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Applied Accounting and Finance Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : P3M Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31961/ijaaf.v5i2.15320

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and firm-specific financial risk in the ASEAN-4 energy sector, which comprises Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Using a panel data set of 40 listed energy companies from 2020–2024, the article uses fixed and random effects regression models to derive the determinants of firm-level volatility measured by 360-day and 200-day rolling stock returns. The results show that firm size and sales growth explain long-term volatility to a great extent, while inflation is the primary source of short-term volatility. The results suggest that firm-specific factors influence risk over longer time horizons, but macroeconomic volatility dominates in the short term. The findings give evidence to support stakeholder theory and risk management theory by suggesting how ESG-oriented firms can better combat volatility through the use of sustainable strategies and growth policies. Practically, the research informs policymakers of the importance of green financing, stable inflation, and frequent ESG disclosure in promoting sustainable capital markets. The originality of the research is the focus on a less explored region and sector—ASEAN-4 energy companies—offering new empirical proof of the ESG–risk nexus within emerging market settings faced with energy transition challenges.