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All Journal IJEBD (International Journal Of Entrepreneurship And Business Development) Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development
Mpundu, Mubanga
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Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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Economic Growth and Household Expenditure Nexus: A Focus on Education and Health in South Africa Mpundu, Mubanga; Mpundu, Mubanga; Diko, Nolutho
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0030

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic which was first recorded from China and spread globally in 2020 caused a massive response from many countries with most opting for national lockdowns. The move prohibited the movement of people across boarders so as to control and limit the spread of the virus. In developing countries, the move contributed to ill performing economies even before the pandemic was rampant. The study focused on analysing time series data with a focus on the effects of changes in final consumer consumption on health and education on gross domestic product per capita. A Vector Error Correction Model was used as a suitable displaying technique when the factors were found to be cointegrated. Numerous economic variables showed persistent upward or descending movement which could be created by stochastic patterns in incorporated variables. Results showed the error correction coefficient was statistically significant showing the speed at which GDP per capita returned to equilibrium because of changes in the independent variables. What was interesting from the results was the fact that final consumption expenditures on health and education where not negatively affected by shocks in the economy prior and during COVID-19. Consumers where still spending on the health and education as they are considered vital for the development and wellbeing of households even with reduced foreign direct investment observed.  Investment into high return projects both in health and education should be funded more as they in turn tend to have a positive impact on production.   Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Economic Growth and Household Expenditure Nexus: A Focus on Education and Health in South Africa Mpundu, Mubanga; Mpundu, Mubanga; Diko, Nolutho
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0030

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic which was first recorded from China and spread globally in 2020 caused a massive response from many countries with most opting for national lockdowns. The move prohibited the movement of people across boarders so as to control and limit the spread of the virus. In developing countries, the move contributed to ill performing economies even before the pandemic was rampant. The study focused on analysing time series data with a focus on the effects of changes in final consumer consumption on health and education on gross domestic product per capita. A Vector Error Correction Model was used as a suitable displaying technique when the factors were found to be cointegrated. Numerous economic variables showed persistent upward or descending movement which could be created by stochastic patterns in incorporated variables. Results showed the error correction coefficient was statistically significant showing the speed at which GDP per capita returned to equilibrium because of changes in the independent variables. What was interesting from the results was the fact that final consumption expenditures on health and education where not negatively affected by shocks in the economy prior and during COVID-19. Consumers where still spending on the health and education as they are considered vital for the development and wellbeing of households even with reduced foreign direct investment observed.  Investment into high return projects both in health and education should be funded more as they in turn tend to have a positive impact on production.   Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
The Role of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Driving Poverty Reduction in Lesotho Obiahu, Joseph Echem; Mpundu, Mubanga
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol 5, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Research Collaboration Community (RCC)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v5i4.706

Abstract

The pervasive nature of poverty across all nations, all ages, all genders, and all races puts continuous search for potential roles of various phenomena in reducing poverty globally at the forefront of academic research effort. This article turns the spotlight on the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in driving poverty reduction in Lesotho. It aims to highlight the possible pathways to explore towards the eradication of poverty in the country. We adopted a qualitative research approach to probe the roles of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in releasing individuals wallowing in abject poverty and those vulnerable to poverty. The study identified that by providing access to financing, markets, mentorship, training programmes, and a culture that celebrates risk-taking and problem-solving, the entrepreneurial ecosystem cultivates an atmosphere conducive to the flourishing of small and medium-sized enterprises, thus creating employment opportunities that lift communities out of the cycle of poverty. We discovered that newly created businesses become engines of job creation, providing stable incomes and a pathway to financial security for those previously trapped in poverty. Unfortunately, the study found that most of the components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem fail to discharge the valuable roles effectively in Lesotho due to a number of weaknesses. This study adds to the bundle of academic knowledge and contributes to the effective exploitation of the identified roles in reducing poverty in Lesotho.
Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Practices in Drylands: How Do They Address Desertification Threats? Zachariah, Samuel; Mpundu, Mubanga
IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) Vol 8 No 2 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : LPPM of NAROTAMA UNIVERSITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29138/ijebd.v8i2.3073

Abstract

Desertification poses a significant and growing threat to drylands worldwide, profoundly impacting biodiversity, livelihoods, and food security. These regions, covering approximately 41% of the Earth's land surface and inhabited by over 2 billion people (United Nations, 2019), are particularly vulnerable due to their low precipitation and fragile ecosystems. Desertification, driven by climatic variations and human activities, leads to the degradation of land, diminishing agricultural productivity, deteriorating water quality, and exacerbating poverty (D'Odorico et al., 2013). In response to these challenges, Sustainable Land Management (SLM) practices have emerged as critical tools in combating desertification and restoring ecological balance in drylands. SLM encompasses a diverse array of strategies aimed at sustainably managing land resources to enhance soil fertility, conserve water, and support resilient agricultural and pastoral systems. These practices not only mitigate the adverse effects of desertification but also contribute to the sustainable development goals by improving ecosystem health and supporting local livelihoods. This paper explores the various SLM practices implemented in drylands, evaluating their effectiveness in mitigating desertification threats through a synthesis of case studies and scientific evidence. By highlighting successful strategies and identifying challenges in the adoption and implementation of SLM practices, this study aims to provide insights into enhancing sustainable land management strategies in the face of escalating desertification pressures.
The Role of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Driving Poverty Reduction in Lesotho Obiahu, Joseph Echem; Mpundu, Mubanga
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v5i4.706

Abstract

The pervasive nature of poverty across all nations, all ages, all genders, and all races puts continuous search for potential roles of various phenomena in reducing poverty globally at the forefront of academic research effort. This article turns the spotlight on the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in driving poverty reduction in Lesotho. It aims to highlight the possible pathways to explore towards the eradication of poverty in the country. We adopted a qualitative research approach to probe the roles of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in releasing individuals wallowing in abject poverty and those vulnerable to poverty. The study identified that by providing access to financing, markets, mentorship, training programmes, and a culture that celebrates risk-taking and problem-solving, the entrepreneurial ecosystem cultivates an atmosphere conducive to the flourishing of small and medium-sized enterprises, thus creating employment opportunities that lift communities out of the cycle of poverty. We discovered that newly created businesses become engines of job creation, providing stable incomes and a pathway to financial security for those previously trapped in poverty. Unfortunately, the study found that most of the components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem fail to discharge the valuable roles effectively in Lesotho due to a number of weaknesses. This study adds to the bundle of academic knowledge and contributes to the effective exploitation of the identified roles in reducing poverty in Lesotho.
Co-Authors Diko, Nolutho Obiahu, Joseph Echem Zachariah, Samuel