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AI and Human Rights: Navigating Ethical and Legal Challenges in Developing Nations Aloamaka, Patrick Chukwunonso; Omozue, Moses Ogorugba
Khazanah Hukum Vol 6, No 2 (2024): Khazanah Hukum Vol 6, No 2 August (2024)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kh.v6i2.37801

The swift progress of artificial intelligence (AI) offers substantial opportunities and significant challenges, particularly concerning human rights in developing nations. This article explores the legal issues and moral conundrums brought about by AI technology's increasing influence on sectors such as healthcare, education, and governance. In developing nations, AI deployment often occurs without robust legal frameworks, potentially infringing on privacy, autonomy, and equity. This study employs a doctrinal research methodology to analyse the effects of AI on fundamental human rights, using case studies to illustrate both benefits and risks. It examines the role of international human rights standards and local legal systems in mitigating adverse impacts. The results highlight the complex interplay between technological innovation and human rights protection, proposing practical recommendations for policymakers, technologists, and legal practitioners. Ultimately, the goal is to foster an environment where AI can contribute to sustainable development while upholding the dignity and rights of all individuals in developing countries. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of AI's ethical and legal implications in the context of human rights.

Critical Examination of Emerging Issues in Refugee Protection: A Transnational Legal Perspective Gasiokwu, Peter I.; Jenigho P. Esavwede; Aloamaka, Patrick Chukwunonso; Iheanacho, Linda
Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ius.v12i2.1364

This research critically examines contemporary challenges in protecting the rights of refugees, focusing on climate-induced displacement and the impact of technology on migration patterns. It identifies significant gaps in current legal frameworks, particularly in their ability to address the transboundary nature of modern displacement. The research highlights the limitations of existing conventions and the need for a more adaptable, transnational legal approach. Key recommendations include expanding the definition of persecution, integrating technology safeguards, and fostering global responsibility-sharing mechanisms. These proposals aim to enhance refugee protection and ensure that legal frameworks remain responsive to the evolving challenges of the 21st century.

Strengthening Human Rights Protection in Nigeria: Safeguards Under the Police Act 2020 Ehirim, Ugochukwu Godspower; Ossai, Morrison; Aloamaka, Patrick Chukwunonso; Ehirim, Nwanneka Flora
Khazanah Hukum Vol 6, No 3 (2024): Khazanah Hukum Vol 6, No 3 December (2024)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kh.v6i3.39569

The concept of Human Rights has become a critical factor in the definition of modern civilisation and constitutional democracies in the twenty-first century. The activities of the police remain central to the perception of human rights under municipal and international law according to the policies of the state-party. This article sets out to examine the provisions of the ‘new’ Police Force (Establishment) Act 2020 with a view to identifying the safeguards put in place by the law for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights in Nigeria. It identifies factors which have contributed to inefficient policing and ever-increasing cases of human rights violations by the police and recommends sticking with the extant legal reforms for a better Nigeria Police Force. The Act introduces provisions such as mandatory accountability mechanism, abolition of use of force or torture to obtain statements from suspects as well as the requirement for the presence of a legal practitioners during a suspect’s interrogation, among others. The doctrinal research method is adopted in analysing statutory provisions and judicial precedents to assess the alignment of policing procedures with constitutional guarantees in line with global best practices. It is observed that despite the wide discretion afforded the Nigeria Police in the discharge of their duties which should boost the observance of human rights, the police abuse these discretions with the end result of serious violations of citizens’ rights which are guaranteed under the constitution. The article concludes that fostering a human-rights-based approach in the discharge of police duties alongside a stringent enforcement of the Police Act 2020 is imperative to sustaining lasting, far-reaching reforms.

The Prospects for Reproductive Health Rights Protection in Nigeria Aloamaka, Patrick Chukwunonso; Ibekwe, Favour Adaeze; Udo, Edidiong Jacob
PREDESTINASI Vol 12, No 2 (2019): PREDESTINASI
Publisher : Program Studi Sosiologi

There exist prospects and opportunities for the protection of Reproductive Health Rights in the Nigerian Legal System. Nigeria has ratified severalInternational/Regional Human Rights instruments which seek to protect reproductive rights, there are some Human Rights provisions contained in the constitution, some other provisions on Federal and State Legislations that are gender based. There are also the reports on Millennium Development Goals and National Reproductive Health Policies which shows that there are prospects and opportunities that the government can protect women’s reproductive health and rights in Nigeria. Nonetheless, there is undoubtedly room for improvement in the protection of this peculiar genre of rights of women in Nigeria and this work proffers country-centric recommendations which cut across options of amending relevant Constitutional and Federal/State legislations on Reproductive Health Rights. The country will certainly benefit from an implementation of the National Reproductive Health policies that have evolved overtime and domesticating some of the international and regional instruments that has been ratified like CEDAW whilst enacting a National Reproductive Health Law by National Assembly which will be uniformly adopted and implemented throughout the country.

AI and Human Rights: Navigating Ethical and Legal Challenges in Developing Nations Aloamaka, Patrick Chukwunonso; Omozue, Moses Ogorugba
Khazanah Hukum Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Khazanah Hukum Vol 6, No 2 August (2024)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kh.v6i2.37801

The swift progress of artificial intelligence (AI) offers substantial opportunities and significant challenges, particularly concerning human rights in developing nations. This article explores the legal issues and moral conundrums brought about by AI technology's increasing influence on sectors such as healthcare, education, and governance. In developing nations, AI deployment often occurs without robust legal frameworks, potentially infringing on privacy, autonomy, and equity. This study employs a doctrinal research methodology to analyse the effects of AI on fundamental human rights, using case studies to illustrate both benefits and risks. It examines the role of international human rights standards and local legal systems in mitigating adverse impacts. The results highlight the complex interplay between technological innovation and human rights protection, proposing practical recommendations for policymakers, technologists, and legal practitioners. Ultimately, the goal is to foster an environment where AI can contribute to sustainable development while upholding the dignity and rights of all individuals in developing countries. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of AI's ethical and legal implications in the context of human rights.

Strengthening Human Rights Protection in Nigeria: Safeguards Under the Police Act 2020 Ehirim, Ugochukwu Godspower; Ossai, Morrison; Aloamaka, Patrick Chukwunonso; Ehirim, Nwanneka Flora
Khazanah Hukum Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): Khazanah Hukum Vol 6, No 3 December (2024)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kh.v6i3.39569

The concept of Human Rights has become a critical factor in the definition of modern civilisation and constitutional democracies in the twenty-first century. The activities of the police remain central to the perception of human rights under municipal and international law according to the policies of the state-party. This article sets out to examine the provisions of the â€˜newâ€™ Police Force (Establishment) Act 2020 with a view to identifying the safeguards put in place by the law for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights in Nigeria. It identifies factors which have contributed to inefficient policing and ever-increasing cases of human rights violations by the police and recommends sticking with the extant legal reforms for a better Nigeria Police Force. The Act introduces provisions such as mandatory accountability mechanism, abolition of use of force or torture to obtain statements from suspects as well as the requirement for the presence of a legal practitioners during a suspectâ€™s interrogation, among others. The doctrinal research method is adopted in analysing statutory provisions and judicial precedents to assess the alignment of policing procedures with constitutional guarantees in line with global best practices. It is observed that despite the wide discretion afforded the Nigeria Police in the discharge of their duties which should boost the observance of human rights, the police abuse these discretions with the end result of serious violations of citizensâ€™ rights which are guaranteed under the constitution. The article concludes that fostering a human-rights-based approach in the discharge of police duties alongside a stringent enforcement of the Police Act 2020 is imperative to sustaining lasting, far-reaching reforms.

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