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China's Strategic Ambiguity on the Issue of Autonomous Weapons Systems Pramudia, Putu Shangrina
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 24, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This paper discusses the factors behind China's ambiguous stance on the issue of autonomous weapons and its relationship with China's rise. In 2016 at the United Nations on Certain Conventional Weapons (UN-CCW), China was the only Permanent Five (P5) country to call for the prohibition and importance of a binding protocol on autonomous weapons. Through its position paper, China stated that the characteristics of autonomous weapons are not in accordance with the principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), fears of an arms race, to the threat of war. However, in 2017 China issued the New Generation of AI Development Plan (AIDP), which became the basis for China's development of autonomous weapons. This action violates their commitment at the UN-CCW because, through AIDP, China has planned the use, development, and production of autonomous weapons. Using the framework of the technologically innovative imperative and the conception of strategic ambiguity, this paper argues that China's ambiguous stance is a strategic intention resulting from a response to technological lag and systemic barriers that China is currently facing. This paper concludes that China's ambiguous stance is; (1) aimed to maintain the consistency of China's Peaceful Rise; (2) dealing with technologically innovative imperatives dynamic; (3) helping China in achieving China's Dream to achieve a Great Power status.
Dari Mahanian ke Corbettian: Proyeksi Strategi Angkatan Laut Kontemporer India dalam Menanggapi Kehadiran Tiongkok di Kawasan Samudra Hindia Pramudia, Putu Shangrina
HUMANIORUM Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Humaniorum
Publisher : PT Elaborium Elevasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/hmr.v3i1.59

Abstract

This paper examines the shift in India's naval strategy from Mahanian to Corbettian principles in response to China’s growing maritime presence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). While India historically followed Mahan’s focus on decisive battles and maritime dominance, the increasing assertiveness of China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) necessitated a strategic pivot. Adopting Corbett’s emphasis on political objectives, the Indian Navy now prioritizes sea control, sea denial, the protection of Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs), and maritime diplomacy. This transition reflects India’s need for a more pragmatic, politically driven approach to safeguard its strategic interests in the face of China's maritime ambitions.
Terminasi Diskursus Poros Maritim Dunia dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri Presiden Joko Widodo Pramudia, Putu Shangrina
FOCUS Vol 6 No 2 (2025): FOCUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i2.2041

Abstract

This study explores the termination of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) discourse in President Joko Widodo’s foreign policy. Initially central to his 2014 presidential campaign and early administration, the GMF concept—with its five foundational pillars—was envisioned to transform Indonesia into a maritime-oriented nation, revive its maritime identity, and enhance its role in Indo-Pacific geopolitics. However, as Jokowi’s first term ended, the GMF gradually lost prominence. It was no longer promoted during the 2019 campaign nor prioritized in his second-term foreign policy agenda. Using the frameworks of national role conception, role contestation, and role legitimacy, this paper argues that despite Indonesia's alignment with regional geopolitical dynamics and minimal vertical or systemic contestation, the GMF discourse declined due to Jokowi’s failure to secure horizontal legitimacy among domestic political elites. These internal political constraints ultimately hindered the implementation and legitimacy of the GMF, rendering it irrelevant to Indonesia’s foreign policy during Jokowi’s second term.
Mempersenjatai Konflik Yaman: Menelaah Kesepakatan Hubungan Bersenjata AS-Saudi, Kapitalisme Modern, dan Peperangan Berkepanjangan Pramudia, Putu Shangrina
HUMANIORUM Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Humaniorum
Publisher : PT Elaborium Elevasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/hmr.v2i1.44

Abstract

With the massive flow of globalization, the last two centuries have seen the rise of the private defence industry, which offers a range of services and equipment needed in the military domain. These industries have had a significant influence in shaping the international political- economic order and in the context of global capitalism in the contemporary era. The private defence industry further benefits from the conflict, as was the case in the Yemen Civil War. The arms exports carried out by the US to Saudi and its coalition has been responsible for continuing the most severe humanitarian crisis in the world today. Seeing the chaotic situation, the US did not stop the arms deal with the Saudis but instead strengthened relations and multiplied the value of the arms deal. This paper uses qualitative research methods. With the conceptions of the Military-Industrial Complex (MIC) and the Defence Iron Triangle (DIT), the results indicate that the rise of the private defence industry has succeeded in creating opportunities for modern capitalism and a network of interest groups that have benefited from the Yemen Civil War. Thus, defence contractors, legislators, and executive bodies are trying to perpetuate arms deals, regardless of the never-ending war that becomes the consequence.
A Fractured Global Health Governance: China Steps Up in Global Health Leadership? Pramudia, Putu Shangrina
Nation State: Journal of International Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Multilateral Governance and Global Civil Society
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Social Science, Department of International Relations, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24076/nsjis.v5i1.660

Abstract

This paper discusses the increasing role of China and its rivalry with the United States in global health governance. COVID-19 has presented new challenges in the domain of global health, marked by the debate between unilateral and multilateral approaches to dealing with the pandemic. US declining role poses a threat to the spirit of multilateralism and the prospects for global health governance. When global health governance is on the brink of collapse, China upholds a multilateral approach to lead collective action to defeat the virus. This research utilizes qualitative research method and literature study to collect research data sourced from secondary data sources. Using the concept of rising powers in the realm of global health governance, the results of this study show that the pandemic has offered China a strategic opportunity to fill a leadership vacuum. It has also improved its global position by providing the world with much-needed information and medical supplies. The active contribution of China to global health governance may enhance its global image and legitimacy, build relationships and friendships, emphasize the Peaceful Rise narrative, and support the Health Silk Road project.