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All Journal Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Obat: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Kais Kassim Ghaima
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Health Professions Nursing Public Health

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Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Activities of Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oil Extract Ahmed H. AL-Azawi; Kais Kassim Ghaima; Noor Saad Latteef; Alaa Aziz Abdulhassan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16720

Abstract

Biological activities of essential oils from various plants, including Rosemary, have been attributed to thepresence of specific chemical compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.The aim of this study is to estimate the antioxidant and antifungal activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essentialoil extract. The study included the extraction of essential oil using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemicalcompositions were evaluated by GC-MS and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Therosemary essential oil extract was tested with regard to antioxidant utilizing 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay. Microtiter plate Assay used to determine the antifungal and antibiofilm activity. The resultshowed that the GC-MS analysis revealed that the major components determined in R. officinalis essentialoil were linalool (17.09 %), L- Borneol (11.92 %), Verbenone (8.52 %), camphor (5.30 %), Eucalyptol(4.79 %), while the chemical compositions identified by HPLC shows four phenolic acids were identifiedin the essential oil, Rosmarinic acid, Caffeic acid, p-Coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and lignans(medioresinol), while Isorhamnetin was the only flavonol detected. The free radicals scavenging activityincreased gradually with the increase in the concentration of essential oil which was 81.59 % whencompared with BHT and V.C (92.34 and 97.42) respectively. The results of the antifungal activity revealedthat Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of C. albicans and C. krusei was 3.125%, while the MIC of C.glabrata was 12.5% in contrast with the highest MIC which recorded for C. tropicalis at 25% of rosemaryessential oil. The current results revealed that the reduction of bofilm formation among C. albicans andC. krusei was obvious at the lower concentration (1.56%), where the percentage of biofilm formation inC. albicans was (91.25%) and C. krusei was (84.25%), while C. tropicalis exhibit (86.32%) for biofilmreduction at the concentration (12.5%) of rosemary essential oil, also it was found that the effect of essentialoil on C. glabrata biofilm formation was at the concentrations 3.125% and 6.25%. The findings of this studyindicated to the significant effect of rosemary essential oil against the growth and biofilm formation of theimportant pathogenic yeast C. albicans at low concentrations.
Antibacterial Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide Indolicidin against Multidrug-Resistant Klebseilla pneumoniae Isolated from Patients with Burns Noor Ibrahim Zaidan; Kais Kassim Ghaima; Hayder Mazin Rasool Al-Haboobi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i2.17973

Abstract

The emergence of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a significant problem worldwide and also being a major threat to patients with burns infections. The therapeutic action of antimicrobial peptides derived from humans or animals or synthetic peptides attracted attention as alternatives for antibiotics in order to treat the resistant strains especially with strains isolated from burn patients. The current study investigated the role of antimicrobial peptide Indolicidin as an antibacterial agent with multidrug K. pneumonia isolates from burns. The collection of study samples has taken place at the period between November 2020 and completed at end of March 2021, it has included 250 clinical specimens as burn swabs from inpatients with burn infections admitted in four hospitals in Baghdad. The results of selective media, biochemical tests, and Vitek2 system identified 40 isolates (16%) as K. pneumoniae from all collected bacterial cultures. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test by using the disc diffusion method for the isolates under study showed that K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were moderate resistant to the majority of the antibiotics tested. The majority of K. pneumoniae isolates were high resistant to Erythromycin (100%) and Ceftazidime (85%), also, it was obvious resistance to Ceftriaxone, Cefepime and Cefotaxime, while the lowest percentage of resistance was for Impenem (25%) and Meropenem (38%). The results of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of indolicidine against (10) K. pneumoniae isolates which multidrug resistant and formed the strong biofilm, revealed that range of concentrations of indolicidin was (0.7-100 µg/ml) and it was obvious that there is a significant effect of indolicdin on the growth of K. pneumoniae at very low concentrations. In this study, we believe that the development of these antimicrobial peptides may become a new generation of urgently needed antimicrobials that can overcome bacterial resistance mechanisms.
Microbiome Relationship in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Subject Review Hiba Hazim Hamid; Kais Kassim Ghaima
OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025): November: OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/obat.v3i6.1849

Abstract

Importance of gut microbiota during neurodevelopment has increased, as has the potential relationship between the gut microbiota and (ASD). Complex associations between gut microbiota and ASD are explored here, including significant pathways such as immune modulation, neurotransmitter control, and gut-brain axis signaling. Based on available data, individuals with ASD possess distinctive microbial signatures that are characterized by reduced diversity and altered abundance of specific bacterial species. Such modifications could be related to symptoms of the behavioral nature, neuroinflammatory, as well as gastrointestinal. ASD growth as well as severity could be influenced by the composition of microbiome, depending on genetic, nutrition, microbial exposure during the earliest phases, as well as antibiotic use. Additional therapies based on the microbiome that presented the potential to alleviate the symptoms related to ASD include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, diet modification, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Still, establishing the causal associations, standardizing the procedure of handling the patients, as well as solving the problem related to the manipulation of microbiome, are still challenging activities, though. Large-scale, long-term studies need to be the core agenda of subsequent research, so that specific microbial signatures associated with ASD will be clearly defined, as well as tailored therapies that address the microbiome will be developed. Understanding more about the role that the microbiota plays during ASD may open up the diagnosis as well as the therapy based on the entirely new concepts, something that will ultimately benefit the patients who possess the disorder.
Co-Authors Ahmed H. AL-Azawi Alaa Aziz Abdulhassan Hayder Mazin Rasool Al-Haboobi Hiba Hazim Hamid Noor Ibrahim Zaidan Noor Saad Latteef