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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Haroon, Hazura
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Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Zinc oxide-coated fiber-optic sensors for monitoring of edible oil adulteration with internet of things integration Haroon, Hazura; Othman, Siti Khadijah Idris@; Razak, Hanim Abdul; Zain, Anis Suhaila Mohd; Salehuddin, Fauziyah; Mukhtar, Wan Maisarah
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i6.7604

Abstract

The study proposes a novel approach for detecting adulteration in edible oils utilising a zinc oxide (ZnO)-coated optical sensor. The procedure included the development of a sensor probe using a plastic optical fiber (POF) with a ZnO nanolayer deposition. The ZnO nanorods were applied to the surface of the POF via a hydrothermal process. The sensitivity and accuracy of uncoated and ZnO-coated POFs were compared, and it was discovered that the ZnO-coated POF was more sensitive to changes in the refractive index of the samples under testing. The study ascertained a correlation between the optical power and voltage of the sensor and the refractive index of the medium. As the adulterant concentration in the oil mixture increased, the refractive index of the medium altered. As a result, both the sensor’s output voltage and optical power decreased. Upon completion, it was discovered that the uncoated POF had a sensitivity of 0.073 V/%, whereas the ZnO-coated POF had a sensitivity of 0.085 V/%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of ZnO-coated optical sensors, as well as their potential integration into internet of things (IoT) platforms for monitoring adulteration in edible oils.
Enhanced sensing of liquid levels: multipoint detection using twisted polymer optical fiber in cylindrical configurations Khadijah Idris@Othman, Siti; Haroon, Hazura; Abdul Razak, Hanim
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 5: October 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i5.7813

Abstract

Recent interest in water level detection is driven by the need for accurate monitoring in sectors such as agriculture, flood management, and environmental conservation. The measuring of liquid levels and solution concentrations is critical in a variety of industrial sectors. This research is to design, implement, and test the use of plastic optical fiber (POF) as an optical sensor for sensing multi-point liquid levels and densities. The developed device includes a multi-point liquid level sensor that uses refractive index modification of macro bend POFs selectively twisted around a cylindrical column. When the POFs were submerged in various mediums such as pure water, seawater, saltwater, and cooking oil, a set of U-shaped detecting heads was designed to detect changes in liquid levels. The experimental setup included an 850 nm optical light source and a power meter to measure the output power. A comparison of the performance of straight, bent, and twisted POF forms revealed that the twisted and bent POF topologies attained a sensitivity of 30%, exceeding bending-only 21% and twisting-only 12% configurations. In summary, changes in liquid levels resulted in an increase in output power for all liquid media, highlighting the potential of POF as a reliable sensor for sensing liquid levels.
Co-Authors Abdul Razak, Hanim Khadijah Idris@Othman, Siti Mukhtar, Wan Maisarah Othman, Siti Khadijah Idris@ Razak, Hanim Abdul Salehuddin, Fauziyah Zain, Anis Suhaila Mohd