<![CDATA[This study aims to precisely identify students' errors based on Newman's theory in solving mathematical word problems related to addition and subtraction in 1st grade. The research was conducted at SD XYZ Bogor during the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The sample consisted of three 1st-grade students from the 2024/2025 academic year who had mathematics test scores below the standard. These students were selected based on Newman's error classification criteria to serve as data sources for the study. The study focuses on identifying the types of errors students experience according to Newman's five error types, the factors contributing to these errors, and the strategies employed to address them. The data sources include two mathematics teachers and three 1st-grade students from SD XYZ Bogor. Data collection methods used in this study include observation, interviews, written tests, and documentation. The data analysis follows the interactive model by Miles and Huberman, which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the research showed that there are five types of students’ error according to Newman’s theory. Those are reading errors, comperhension errors, transformation errors, process skill errors, and encoding errors which were caused by many factors. In this study, the researcher also implemented some strategies to help the students understand and solve mathematical word problems related to addition and subtraction by doing role playing strategy, made learning video, quiz, and questions test according to students’ need. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi secara tepat kesalahan siswa berdasarkan teori Newman dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika terkait penjumlahan dan pengurangan di kelas 1. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD XYZ Bogor pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Sampel terdiri dari tiga siswa kelas 1 tahun ajaran 2024/2025 yang memiliki nilai tes matematika di bawah standar. Siswa-siswa ini dipilih berdasarkan kriteria klasifikasi kesalahan Newman untuk dijadikan sumber data penelitian. Penelitian ini berfokus pada mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kesalahan yang dialami siswa menurut lima jenis kesalahan Newman, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan tersebut, dan strategi yang digunakan untuk mengatasinya. Sumber data meliputi dua guru matematika dan tiga siswa kelas 1 SD XYZ Bogor. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi observasi, wawancara, tes tertulis, dan dokumentasi. Di dalam analisis data, peneliti menggunakan analisis Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima jenis kesalahan siswa menurut teori Newman, yaitu kesalahan membaca, kesalahan pemahaman, kesalahan transformasi, kesalahan keterampilan proses, dan kesalahan jawaban yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti juga menerapkan beberapa strategi untuk membantu siswa memahami dan menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika terkait penjumlahan dan pengurangan dengan melakukan strategi bermain peran, membuat video pembelajaran, kuis, dan soal tes sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa.]]>
