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Experimental Study on Fabrication and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Plain Weave Copper Mesh Embedded Hybrid Composite with E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy GFRP Composite Chopra, Ravindra; Kumar, Mukesh; Akhtar, Nahid
Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 1 No. 02 (2021): November 2021
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijaset.v1i02.14

Abstract

This paper presents the experimental study on on GFRP (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Plastic) composite which is fiberglass reinforced with epoxy matrix and find its mechanical properties that can be compared with other hybrid composite which include plain weave copper strips mesh in between the layers of fiberglass in GFRP composite. Both type of composites are made using hand layup technique i.e., placing of chopped fiberglass sheet and then epoxy resin layer by layer, after filling of epoxy and fiberglass at 20% fiber loading which is measured by digital scale, then a pressure is also applied on this sandwich. After 24 hours it is ready to be demolded and after 48 hrs. samples was cuts as per ASTM standards then testing was done on both GFRP and Hybrid composites to find their Mechanical & Physical Properties. Results shows improvement as we introduce plain weave copper strips mesh in between the GFRP laminate to make it hybrid.
Experimental Study on Fabrication and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Plain Weave Copper Mesh Embedded Hybrid Composite with E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy GFRP Composite Chopra, Ravindra; Kumar, Mukesh; Akhtar, Nahid
Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): November 2021
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijaset.v1i02.14

Abstract

This paper presents the experimental study on on GFRP (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Plastic) composite which is fiberglass reinforced with epoxy matrix and find its mechanical properties that can be compared with other hybrid composite which include plain weave copper strips mesh in between the layers of fiberglass in GFRP composite. Both type of composites are made using hand layup technique i.e., placing of chopped fiberglass sheet and then epoxy resin layer by layer, after filling of epoxy and fiberglass at 20% fiber loading which is measured by digital scale, then a pressure is also applied on this sandwich. After 24 hours it is ready to be demolded and after 48 hrs. samples was cuts as per ASTM standards then testing was done on both GFRP and Hybrid composites to find their Mechanical & Physical Properties. Results shows improvement as we introduce plain weave copper strips mesh in between the GFRP laminate to make it hybrid.
Bilateral transactions impact voltage stability and nodal pricing in power networks Wakte, Ganesh; Kumar, Mukesh; Aljaidi, Mohammad; Kumar, Ramesh; Singla, Manish Kumar
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i6.9537

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of bilateral transactions on voltage stability and nodal pricing in the Indian power grid using a modified IEEE 30-bus system. A high voltage direct current (HVDC) link is integrated into the network to enhance control and system flexibility. Two advanced transmission pricing mechanisms— megawatt (MW)-Mile and megavolt-ampere (MVA)-Mile—are employed to allocate costs based on power flow magnitude and distance. The analysis incorporates hybrid AC-DC optimal power flow (OPF) modeling under various transaction levels. Simulation results show that a 100 MW bilateral transaction reduces the voltage at the receiving bus (bus 28) by 2% (from 1.05 to 1.03 p.u.) and increases the nodal price by 6.25% (from ₹4.80 to ₹5.10/kWh). The use of HVDC technology reduces total generation cost by approximately 8.2% (from ₹85 lakhs to ₹78 lakhs) and decreases real power loss from 70 MW to 50 MW. These findings confirm that bilateral transactions influence voltage profiles and market pricing. Moreover, MW-Mile and MVA-Mile methods demonstrate effective cost allocation capabilities. The proposed approach offers a practical framework for improving grid reliability and economic transparency in evolving power markets.