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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Gheewala, Shabbir H.
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Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

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Water-Energy-Food Nexus Review for Biofuels Assessment Gazal, Abass A.; Jakrawatana, Napat; Silalertruksa, Thapat; Gheewala, Shabbir H.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41119

Abstract

The appropriate use of limited natural resources for generating basic human needs such as energy, food, and water, is essential to help the society function efficiently. Hence, a new approach called nexus is being considered to resolve the effects of intrinsic trade-offs between the essential needs. A review of different methods and frameworks of the water-energy-food nexus was done in this article to give a detailed repository of information on existing approaches and advocate the development of a more holistic quantitative nexus method. Assessing biofuels under the water-energy-food nexus perspective, this review addresses the sustainability of bioenergy production. The results show the countries that can sustainably produce first-generation biofuels. Only a few methods have varied interdisciplinary procedures to analyse the nexus, and more analytical software and data on resource availability/use are needed to address trade-offs between these interacting resource sectors constituting the nexus. Also, “land” is suggested as an additional sector to consider in future studies using both the nexus index and life cycle assessment methodology. The review reveals that to tackle composite challenges related to resource management, cross-disciplinary methods are essential to integrate environmental, socio-political facets of water, energy, and food; employ collaborative frameworks; and seek the engagement of decision-makers.
Integrated open Leontief model for analysis of biomass pellet demand in Thailand Buasan, Prangvalai; Sajjakulnukit, Boonrod; Bowonthumrongchai, Thongchart; Gheewala, Shabbir H.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60691

Abstract

This study addresses the critical challenge of sustainably meeting the growing demand for biomass pellets in Thailand, particularly in light of increasing global interest in renewable energy sources. By introducing an innovative approach through the integration of the Open Leontief Model, this research constructs Input-Output Tables (IOTs) specific to the biomass pellet sector, encompassing 180 economic sectors. The study evaluates the economic impacts of varying domestic and international demand scenarios on Thailand’s economy. Utilizing mass and energy balance methodologies, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the biomass pellet supply chain, from plantation to pelletization, for both corn and wood pellets. Findings reveal significant economic intersectoral linkages within Thailand's economy, indicating the biomass pellet sector's potential to substantially contribute to national renewable energy targets and reduce fossil fuel dependency. Notably, the sector is projected to require an increase in raw materials, energy, and other inputs by 3.8% in 2024 and 2.63% in 2036, following the trend of international biomass pellet demand. Additionally, employment in the sector is expected to increase by 3.8% annually under international demand scenarios and 4.6% annually under domestic and international demand scenarios. The research concludes with policy recommendations aimed at fostering sector growth, emphasizing the importance of government incentives, capacity building, and the establishment of biomass plantation communities to meet the increasing demand for biomass pellets. This study not only sheds light on the sector's current state but also charts a path forward for sustainable energy solutions in Thailand in line with Sustainable Development Goals 7, 8, and 9. Together, these initiatives aim to ensure a balanced transition toward renewable energy, benefiting both the economy and the environment.
Techno-economic feasibility analysis of hybrid renewable energy system for off-grid African communities: Insights from a Zambian case study Virdy, Satnam Singh; Yamba, Francis D.; Mishra, Manish; Simate, Isaac N.; Ramesh, Mala; Kaoma, Mwansa; Luwaya, Edwin; Tembo, Simon; Gheewala, Shabbir H.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61421

Abstract

As hybrid renewable energy systems are increasingly adopted for rural electrification, this study presents an approach for optimizing off-grid systems in resource-abundant regions. Using a Zambian case study, this study demonstrates actionable insights into the optimal selection and configuration of components for a renewable energy-based off-grid system designed for remote, unelectrified communities with access to solar, wind, and biomass resources. The system's technical, economic, and environmental performance was evaluated through simulation in HOMER Pro software, using various photovoltaic panel ratings (335W, 400W, and 445W), battery technologies (lead-acid, lead-carbon, and lithium-ion), and dispatch strategies (load-following, cycle-charging, predictive-dispatch, and combined-dispatch). Among several configurations, the one featuring a 445W photovoltaic panel and a lithium-ion battery operating under the load-following strategy demonstrated the lowest cost and highest environmental benefits. This configuration resulted in a total lifetime system cost of USD 3.857 million and a levelized cost of electricity of 0.1522 USD per kilowatt-hour, while reducing emissions by 99.9% compared to a diesel-only system. Sensitivity analysis, considering ±20% variations in component costs and discount rate, showed that battery cost had the largest influence, causing a 5 to 12% variation in system cost. These findings suggest that combining high-efficiency solar panels with advanced battery storage and an appropriate dispatch strategy can significantly enhance the affordability and sustainability of off-grid renewable energy systems for rural communities worldwide.
Co-Authors Bowonthumrongchai, Thongchart Buasan, Prangvalai Gazal, Abass A. Jakrawatana, Napat Kaoma, Mwansa Luwaya, Edwin Mishra, Manish Ramesh, Mala Sajjakulnukit, Boonrod Silalertruksa, Thapat Simate, Isaac N. Tembo, Simon Virdy, Satnam Singh Yamba, Francis D.