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The Analysis of Israel – Turkey engagement on Syria and the US Foreign Policy of pulling out forces: Who controls what? Kristian Montolalu, Reynaldo Rudy
Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan Vol 7, No 3 (2021): Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan
Publisher : Universitas Perrtahanan Indonesia (UNHAN)

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Abstract

The issue of Syrian Civil war has tinted the International Relations issue at least from 2011 where a protest against President Assad’s regime resulted to the large-scale war between the anti-government rebel group which get backed by the United States, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and their other supported ally in the region while the Syrian government has the back up from Russia and Iran. There are three campaigns that influence the full-scale of conflict; the effort against Islamic State, tension between the Syrian government and the opposition as well as related to Turkish forces military operations against Syrian Kurds. The US foreign policy to give sanctioned to Syrian government up to its decision of pulling out forces in President Donald Trump administration has contemplated the bloody drama in Syria. These phenomena are then created a new era of conflict between Israel and Turkey which some says, actually share the same strategy.
PHILIPPINE – US DEFENSE COOPERATION: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF “THE ENHANCED DEFENSE COOPERATION AGREEMENT” TO RESPOND CHINA’S ASSERTIVENESS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA (2010 – 2016) Reynaldo Rudy Kristian Montolalu; Banyu Perwita
Kajian Asia Pasifik Vol 3 No 1 (2019): January - June 2019
Publisher : International Relations Study Program of Universitas Kristen Indonesia (UKI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1569.704 KB) | DOI: 10.33541/japs.v3i1.1032

Abstract

China assertiveness in the South China Sea has considered as part of its national ambition to dominate most of the sea area as stated in its claim on the “nine-dashed line”. This China assertiveness could be seen in its more active policy by projected military power in area disputing. As one of the claimant states, the Philippine felt that China’s actions toward the region have harmed their territorial sovereignty over the West Philippine Sea. The disputed matter between the Philippine and China count active to flare up from 2010 to 2016 which marked with several incidents between both of the countries navies in Scarborough Shoal and Second Thomas Shoal. In response to the condition in the South China Sea, the Philippine was trying to enhance their defense posture which considered weak through AFP Modernization Pact initiated by President Benigno Aquino III at the beginning of his administration. Constrained by military budget allowance and limited defense equipment, the Philippine is relying on its military alliance which is the United States that has been created since a long period of time, especially in order to enhance the Philippine external defense. In 2014, both of the countries signed the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) which is the enhancement of the previous defense cooperation agreements: the Mutual Defense Treaty 1951 and the Visiting Forces Agreement 1998. This new defense cooperation agreement considered to play a significant role in supporting Philippine’ effort on responding the internal and external threats, including the unpredictable China militarization in the South China Sea. Keywords: South China Sea, China Assertiveness, Defense Cooperation, The Philippine – US bilateral relations, Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) Abstrak Keagresifan Cina di Laut Cina Selatan merupakan suatu ambisi nasionalnya untuk menguasai sebagian besar wilayah laut sebagaimana tertuang dalam “Sembilan Garis Putus-Putus”. Bentuk keagresifan Cina ini terlihat dalam kebijakannya yang lebih aktif dengan cara memproyeksikan kekuatan militer di daerah yang masih disengketakan. Sebagai salah satu negara yang bersengketa, Filipina merasa tindakkan yang dilakukan Cina dikawasan telah merugikan kedaulatan teritorinya yaitu Laut Filipina Barat. Masalah sengketa Filipina dan Cina terhitung aktif bergejolak sejak 2010 hingga 2016 yang ditandai dengan beberapa insiden antara kapal angkatan laut kedua negara di Scarborough Shoal dan Second Thomas Shoal. Menanggapi kondisi di Laut Cina Selatan, Filipina mencoba memperkuat postur pertahanannya yang masih lemah melalui Pakta Modernisasi Angkatan Bersenjata Filipina yang diinisiasi oleh Presiden Benigno Aquino III pada awal masa pemerintahannya. Terkendala masalah anggaran belanja dan keterbatasan alutsista, Filipina mengandalkan aliansi militernya dengan Amerika Serikat yang sudah terbentuk sejak lama, terlebih khusus dalam upaya memperkuat pertahanan eksternal Filipina. Pada tahun 2014, kedua negara menandatangani Perjanjian Peningkatan Kerjasama Pertahanan (EDCA) yang merupakan peningkatan dari perjanjian kerjasama pertahanan yang telah terbentuk, yaitu Perjanjian Pertahanan Bersama 1951 dan Perjanjian Kunjungan Pasukan 1998. Perjanjian kerjasama pertahanan yang baru ini dianggap dapat membantu Filipina dalam upaya melawan ancaman internal dan eksternal termasuk militerisasi Cina di Laut Cina Selatan yang sulit untuk diprediksi. Kata Kunci: Laut Cina Selatan, keagresifan Cina, kerjasama pertahanan, hubungan bilateral Filipina dan Amerika Serikat, Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA)
U.S. INDO–PACIFIC STRATEGY: THE UTILIZATION OF THE U.S.– AUSTRALIA MILITARY ALLIANCE AS PART OF THE U.S. BALANCE OF POWER STRATEGY TO RESPOND TO CHINA INFLUENCE IN INDO–PACIFIC REGION Reynaldo Rudy Kristian Montolalu
Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : The Republic of Indonesia Defense University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i2.1659

Abstract

One of the U.S. intentions in Indo–Pacific is to counter a new rising giant of China. The U.S. government has recognized China as a competitive actor. An effort to promote U.S. security interests in the Indo–Pacific region serves as an option to safeguard their national interest. The U.S. alliance network is considered one of the most lasting and successful parts of U.S. Foreign Policy since World War II. The member of its alliance has adapted to several changes in international events, including in the post-Cold War era, the rivalry tended to be centered between two major powers. Australia is not the exception. Several bilateral and multilateral approaches to implementing its Mutual Defense Treaty have been integrated and enhanced. This study aims to elaborate on the U.S.–Australia Military Alliance as part of the U.S. Balance of Power Strategy to respond to China's Influence in Indo-Pacific Region. The study will use an explanatory research method by explaining rather than describing the studied phenomena that depart from the qualitative approach. In the end, the study concludes that the U.S. is actively involved with Australia as its military alliance through ANZUS, the Quad, and AUKUS; those all considered the effort encountered by the U.S. to respond to China's Influence in the Indo–Pacific Region