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All Journal INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
Va, Vandith
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Energy Environmental Science

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Journal : INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

 1 
DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ENERGY RECOVERY IN URBAN SETTINGS: PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED SEPTIC TANK-MICROBIAL FUEL CELL SYSTEM Larasati, Dyanung; Setiyawan, Ahmad Soleh; Surinkul, Nawatch; Va, Vandith
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 8, NUMBER 2, OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v8i2.23544

Abstract

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology has attracted interest for its dual role in wastewater treatment and energy generation. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a Modified Septic Tank-Microbial Fuel Cell (MST-MFC) for office domestic wastewater treatment, focusing on organic matter, ammonia removal, and electricity generation. Methodology and results:  In this study, synthetic wastewater was prepared to simulate the typical composition of domestic effluent from office buildings. The main variables measured in this study included pH, temperature, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and ammonia levels. A 196 L reactor (36 h HRT) with anoxic, anaerobic, aerobic, and sedimentation zones was equipped with three pairs of zinc–copper electrodes (2 cm spacing) placed in anaerobic (anode) and aerobic (cathode) chambers. Synthetic wastewater with controlled COD:N:P ratios was applied at two organic loading rates (OLRs): 7 and 11.94 mg COD/L.h. At the lower OLR, COD removal reached 100% versus 93.85% at the higher OLR. Ammonia removal was also higher (27.61% vs. 17.59%), while electricity generation peaked with 461.88 mV, 355.67 mW/m2, and 0.0970% Coulombic efficiency. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The MST-MFC showed strong potential for decentralized wastewater treatment with energy recovery, though limited ammonia removal indicates further optimization is needed, with OLR as a key factor.
The Characteristics of Domestic Wastewater from Office Buildings in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia VA, Vandith; Setiyawan, Ahmad Soleh; Soewondo, Prayatni; Putri, Dyah Wulandari
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Volume 1, Number 2, April 2018
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v1i2.2826

Abstract

Domestic wastewater generated from various types of buildings has been recognized to be different to some extent. This research aimed to know the quality, quantity, fluctuation of quality, and fluctuation of quantity of domestic wastewater discharged from office buildings. The composite samples were taken from two office buildings. The black water and gray water were taken from Building A with number of people 53 persons, and the mixed wastewater was taken both from Building A and Building B with number of people 900 persons. The fluctuation and quantity of wastewater were measured every hour from 7 am until 4 pm during the working time. The results showed that the quality of wastewater from office building contained 176 to 238 mg/L COD, 73.06 to 106.51 mg/L TN, and 3.66 to 7.70 mg/L TP with the average of C:N:P ratio was 100:42:2.56. Quantity of wastewater discharged from office buildings were from 39.61 to 49.93 liter/person/day. COD concentration changed significantly during the working time with mean ± standard (252.5±89). The quantity of wastewater varied over time and the peak discharge for black water and gray water were 2.85 litter/person/hour and 3.74 liter/person/hour, which occurred during the beginning of working time and the praying time of muslim Indonesian culture. It suggests that the domestic wastewater from office buildings has specific characteristics and it contains high concentration of nutrient that is required appropriate advanced technology for treating this kind of wastewater.
Co-Authors Larasati, Dyanung Prayatni Soewondo Putri, Dyah Wulandari Setiyawan, Ahmad Soleh Surinkul, Nawatch