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All Journal Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Jurnal Politik International Journal of Law, Policy and Governance
Akinyetun, Tope Shola
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Ethnic Nationalism and Secessionist Agitations in Post-Colonial Africa: A Comparative Study of Biafra and Ambazonia Fatai-Abatan, Abiodun; Adeleke, Amos Babarinde; Akinyetun, Tope Shola; Kunmavo, Afolabi Tagbe
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v5i2.43525

Abstract

Secessionist agitation in Africa remains a recurring challenge in the postcolonial era, largely shaped by ethnic nationalism, identity politics, and systemic marginalization. These movements are often rooted in grievances stemming from political exclusion, economic inequality, and historical injustices against minority ethnic groups. The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in Nigeria and the Ambazonia separatist movement in Cameroon are examples of such struggles, seeking autonomy in response to perceived domination by the majority ethnic groups. While the IPOB’s agitation traces its origins to the 1967 declaration of Biafra and the subsequent civil war, the Ambazonian crisis is a consequence of the longstanding marginalization of Anglophone Cameroonians in a Francophone-dominated state structure. A qualitative research method that interrogates secondary data sources, including historical archives, policy documents, and scholarly literature was adopted. The findings indicate that these movements are not merely relics of colonial legacies and ethnic grievances but are also shaped by contemporary socio-economic challenges, systemic exclusion, and state repression. Moreover, the security implications extend beyond Nigeria and Cameroon, posing significant threats to the regional stability in West Africa. Therefore, inclusive governance, equitable resource distribution, and diplomatic interventions by regional and international organizations are essential for mitigating tensions. Meanwhile, political restructuring, economic reforms, and sustained dialogue remain critical pathways for achieving sustainable peace and stability in Nigeria and Cameroon.
Conflict Weather: Climate Change as a Driver of Pastoralist Conflicts in the Lake Chad Region Akinyetun, Tope Shola; Ogunbodede, Nife Elizabeth
Jurnal Politik Vol. 9, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Lake Chad region hosts a significant portion of sub-Saharan Africa’s pastoralist activities. Pastoralism in the region has become synonymous with armed conflict, thus escalating the tension in the area and making it a hotbed of insecurity. Among other things, the exacerbation of the herder-farmer crisis in this area is attributable to climate change. Lake Chad which serves as a source of water, fodder, and fertile land for herders and farmers in the region, has been shrinking. This, coupled with drought, flooding, and variability in weather patterns, forces pastoralists to move around and engage in a constant migratory pattern, resulting in war-like competition for resources with farmers in the host communities. This paper adds to the debate on the role of climate change in fueling pastoralist conflicts in the area. The discourse, presented using qualitative methods and secondary data sourced from journal articles, briefs, reports, and internet sources, is couched using the political ecology framework. The paper finds that intensity of violent events and fatalities involving pastoralists in the area is driven by the disruption of livelihood occasioned by climate change. Four patterns of pastoralist conflict in the area are identified: conflict between herders and farmers; between different pastoralist groups; between the pastoralist and government; and between the pastoralist and other resource users. The paper also identifies the effects of climate change on displacement, disruption of economic activities, and undermining pastoralist livelihood.
Federalism in Nigeria: Between Constitutional Design and Political Reality Bakare, Tope Oke; Akinyetun, Tope Shola
International Journal of Law Policy and Governance Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/ijlpg.v5i1.1580

Abstract

Federalism in Nigeria, though constitutionally enshrined, has been persistently undermined by structural, political, and socio-economic challenges. Nigeria is a complex country with intriguing multiethnic, multi-religious, and multi-linguistic interests. The heterogeneous nature of Nigeria’s composition makes federalism an appropriate system of government, hence its adoption in 1954. Federalism allows for power sharing between various levels of government, for instance, between the federal or central government and several constituent units (as may exist). Despite the advantages of federalism, its operation has become contentious over the years, casting doubts on its applicability in the Nigerian political context. Rather than advancing national cohesion, federalism in Nigeria has been hindered by challenges such as the over-centralisation of political power, poor leadership, corruption, and bad governance, recurring ethno-religious conflicts, resource control and fiscal operations, revenue allocation, and secession, among others. It is in light of this that this paper ­- adopting a descriptive approach and relying secondary data - seeks to assess the issues associated with federalism in Nigeria, with its attendant effect. Anchoring the paper on the theory of Classical Model Federalism as postulated by Wheare, it is concluded that the principles of coordination, independence, and autonomy dictated by Wheare’s theory are not adhered to in Nigeria. As a result, it is recommended that the government make sincere efforts to ensure an equitable and even distribution of resources among the federating units in Nigeria, rather than paying lip service to restructuring. The government should declare it a national emergency.
Co-Authors Adeleke, Amos Babarinde Bakare, Tope Oke Fatai-Abatan, Abiodun Kunmavo, Afolabi Tagbe Ogunbodede, Nife Elizabeth