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All Journal Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Jurnal Politik
Akinyetun, Tope Shola
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Social Sciences

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Ethnic Nationalism and Secessionist Agitations in Post-Colonial Africa: A Comparative Study of Biafra and Ambazonia Fatai-Abatan, Abiodun; Adeleke, Amos Babarinde; Akinyetun, Tope Shola; Kunmavo, Afolabi Tagbe
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v5i2.43525

Abstract

Secessionist agitation in Africa remains a recurring challenge in the postcolonial era, largely shaped by ethnic nationalism, identity politics, and systemic marginalization. These movements are often rooted in grievances stemming from political exclusion, economic inequality, and historical injustices against minority ethnic groups. The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in Nigeria and the Ambazonia separatist movement in Cameroon are examples of such struggles, seeking autonomy in response to perceived domination by the majority ethnic groups. While the IPOB’s agitation traces its origins to the 1967 declaration of Biafra and the subsequent civil war, the Ambazonian crisis is a consequence of the longstanding marginalization of Anglophone Cameroonians in a Francophone-dominated state structure. A qualitative research method that interrogates secondary data sources, including historical archives, policy documents, and scholarly literature was adopted. The findings indicate that these movements are not merely relics of colonial legacies and ethnic grievances but are also shaped by contemporary socio-economic challenges, systemic exclusion, and state repression. Moreover, the security implications extend beyond Nigeria and Cameroon, posing significant threats to the regional stability in West Africa. Therefore, inclusive governance, equitable resource distribution, and diplomatic interventions by regional and international organizations are essential for mitigating tensions. Meanwhile, political restructuring, economic reforms, and sustained dialogue remain critical pathways for achieving sustainable peace and stability in Nigeria and Cameroon.
Conflict Weather: Climate Change as a Driver of Pastoralist Conflicts in the Lake Chad Region Akinyetun, Tope Shola; Ogunbodede, Nife Elizabeth
Jurnal Politik Vol. 9, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Lake Chad region hosts a significant portion of sub-Saharan Africa’s pastoralist activities. Pastoralism in the region has become synonymous with armed conflict, thus escalating the tension in the area and making it a hotbed of insecurity. Among other things, the exacerbation of the herder-farmer crisis in this area is attributable to climate change. Lake Chad which serves as a source of water, fodder, and fertile land for herders and farmers in the region, has been shrinking. This, coupled with drought, flooding, and variability in weather patterns, forces pastoralists to move around and engage in a constant migratory pattern, resulting in war-like competition for resources with farmers in the host communities. This paper adds to the debate on the role of climate change in fueling pastoralist conflicts in the area. The discourse, presented using qualitative methods and secondary data sourced from journal articles, briefs, reports, and internet sources, is couched using the political ecology framework. The paper finds that intensity of violent events and fatalities involving pastoralists in the area is driven by the disruption of livelihood occasioned by climate change. Four patterns of pastoralist conflict in the area are identified: conflict between herders and farmers; between different pastoralist groups; between the pastoralist and government; and between the pastoralist and other resource users. The paper also identifies the effects of climate change on displacement, disruption of economic activities, and undermining pastoralist livelihood.
Co-Authors Adeleke, Amos Babarinde Fatai-Abatan, Abiodun Kunmavo, Afolabi Tagbe Ogunbodede, Nife Elizabeth