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All Journal Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya International Review of Humanities Studies Multikultura
Idris, Hatmi
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Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Kalimat dengan Reduplikasi Verba Idris, Hatmi
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 2, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

When complement and object appears all together in one sentence, some verbs can be reduplicated, can not be reduplicated, or can be both reduplicated or not be reduplicated. Reduplicated verb’s example: Ta jiao zhongwen jiao le liang ge xiaoshi ‘He has been teaching Mandarin Chinese for two hours’. Verb can or can not be reduplicated depends on the complement types, the verb meaning and the object charactheristic. This paper will analyze this construction semantically, syntactically, and pragmatically.
PLURALITY OF COUNTABLE NOUNS IN CHINESE AND INDONESIAN: MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTIC PERSPECTIVES WITH PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Idris, Hatmi
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 11, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This study investigates the plural meaning and expression of countable nouns in Chinese and Indonesian from morphological and syntactic perspectives and explores implications for language pedagogy. Although both languages encode plurality, they employ distinct mechanisms, which may pose challenges for Indonesian learners of Chinese. Using a qualitative, literature-based approach, data were drawn from scholarly studies, Chinese teaching materials, and reference sources such as dictionaries. Analysis focused on morphological markers, including affixation and reduplication, as well as syntactic structures, such as numeral–classifier phrases and quantifiers constructions. The findings show that Chinese expresses plurality through the suffix –men, classifier-based syntactic patterns, and quantifiers, whereas Indonesian primarily relies on reduplication, including noun and adjective reduplication, mechanisms that are limited or absent in Chinese. Indonesian can also employ quantifiers such as beberapa ‘some/several’ and classifier-based syntactic patterns, which partly overlap with Chinese strategies. These results highlight structural contrasts between the two languages and provide practical insights for teaching, and dictionary explanations aimed at Indonesian learners of Chinese.
NEGOTIATION AND POLITENESS STRATEGIES: PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF THE SENTENCE-FINAL PARTICLE BA IN CHINESE TEXTBOOK DIALOGUES Idris, Hatmi
Multikultura Vol. 5, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The sentence-final particle ba is frequently used in Chinese, yet its pragmatic functions in bargaining contexts remain challenging for second-language learners. This study investigates the use of ba in negotiation dialogues from the Hànyǔ Jiàochéng textbook series (Units 1 and 2), focusing on its role in maintaining politeness, protecting face, and facilitating agreement between interlocutors. Using a qualitative approach, each instance of ba was identified and analysed with reference to speech act theory, politeness principles, and the concept of face-threatening acts. The findings reveal that bastrengthens the speaker’s illocutionary force while mitigating potential discourtesy, reducing interactional tension, and providing interlocutors with space to accept or negotiate proposals. These functions help achieve successful bargaining outcomes. The study contributes to understanding pragmatic competence in Chinese as a foreign language and offers pedagogical insights for teaching sentence-final particles in negotiation contexts.
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