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All Journal POSITRON JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS
Suwandi, Galih Restu Fardian
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Energy Physics

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Towards a Formant-Based Model of Sundanese Vowel Distinction: Evidence of Gender-Dependent Acoustic Patterns in /è/, /e/, and /eu/ Suwandi, Galih Restu Fardian; Julaeha, Juju; Khairina, Jasmine; Rohman, Syifa Nailufar
POSITRON Vol 15, No 2 (2025): Vol. 15 No. 2 Edition
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Univetsitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/positron.v15i2.88904

Abstract

The fundamental frequency (pitch or F0) is the lowest in a sound signal, while the formant frequency is the resonant frequency that occurs in the vocal track. Both are acoustic parameters that are essential to identify sound signals. The pitch and formant are extracted from the subject, which consisted of 16-17-year-old Sundanese, 20 males and 20 females. Praat software extracts pitch and the first to fourth formant (F1-F4) on each sound signal of the letters /è/, /e/, and /eu/. The analysis showed that each vowel /è/, /e/, and /eu/ in males had a smaller pitch and formant than in females, with gradient differences /è/, /e/, and /eu/ was 48.22, 157.49, and 136.27. Regarding the significant level Two Tailed T-Test statistic calculation, most formant frequency comparisons of 2 vocals (/è/ and /e/, /e/ and /eu/, /è/ and /eu/) are significantly distinguished. The study also showed that several vocals had an undistinguished formant frequency at F3. It can be concluded that the pronunciation of /è/, /e/, and /eu/ between males and females can be identified through the fundamental and formant frequency.
RESONANCE AND FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF VOWELS: A COMPARATIVE ACOUSTIC STUDY OF SUNDANESE AND NON-SUNDANESE SPEAKERS Nur'hasanah, Ilma Aprianti; Ramadhan, Hilman Nuha; Amalia, Yiyin Ema; Koharu, Koharu; Suwandi, Galih Restu Fardian
JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): JOP (Journal Online of Physics) Vol 11 No 2
Publisher : Prodi Fisika FST UNJA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jop.v11i2.50631

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the fundamental frequency and formant values of speech to identify differences in acoustic characteristics between Sundanese and non-Sundanese ethnic groups. The analysis was conducted by measuring the fundamental frequency and formant values of vowel sounds produced by both groups. Speech data were recorded using acoustic software and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential methods. Descriptive statistics, including mean analysis, were used to illustrate the data's general characteristics. In contrast, inferential statistics were performed using t-tests in SPSS to compare formant and fundamental frequency values between the two groups. The findings reveal no significant differences in vowel acoustic characteristics between Sundanese and non-Sundanese speakers, particularly in formant distribution patterns. This research contributes to understanding the relationship between linguistics and bioacoustics and opens up further applications in phonetics and speech analysis. Specifically, for the F1 results, the vowel /u/ showed a lower frequency than /e/ and /eu/ due to a more closed mouth opening pattern. In F2, /u/ also exhibited lower values because of a deeper tongue position and more closed articulation. In F3 and F4, the vowel /e/ had the lowest values, attributed to a smaller oral cavity and lower tongue pressure, which affect airflow. Based on statistical tests, no significant differences were found in the vowel samples /e/, /eu/, and /u/ between Sundanese and non-Sundanese speakers, as indicated by t-test values greater than 0.05.
Co-Authors Amalia, Yiyin Ema Julaeha, Juju Khairina, Jasmine Koharu, Koharu Nur'hasanah, Ilma Aprianti Ramadhan, Hilman Nuha Rohman, Syifa Nailufar