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Lestari, Bernadetta
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL KUNG INDONESIA ( KONSEP PERDAGANGAN SISTEM BARTER DI SELAT MALAKA DAN PEMBERIAN NAMA NUSANTARA - INDONESIA) Lestari, Bernadetta
Majalah Ekonomi Vol 14 No 1 (2011): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas PGRI Adi Buana

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Hubungan Internasional kuno di Indonesia berlangsung sejak abad ke tuju, di mana mulai dikenalnya angina muson barat dan Angin muson timur sebagai sarana pelayaran. Sejak itu pula Selat malaka menjadi urat nadi perdagangan samudra, merupakan pertemuan pedagang dari China, India(Gujarat) dan Indonesia. Adapun barang-barang komuditi adalah; Sutera halus, kulit mans, Kulit binatang berbulu, buah persik dan Abrikos (dua jenis buah asli Cina)dari Cina, ; keramik asli eropa, barang-barang dari gelas, Permata, gading, Kuda, kain¬kain dari wol halus dan Linendari Eropa, sedan dari Indonesia : Rempah-rempah, Kayu cendana, Emas, perak, Binatang buas (Harimau), jenis binatang yang Indah(Ayam Merak, burung Cenderawasih), gading, cula dan lain-lain. Adapun perdagangan berlsangsung secara Barter, dan pelaksanaannyc hanya berdasarkan Mufakat diantara pars pedagang. Walau demikian keramaian selat malaka mengalami pasang surut, seperti pada zaman kekaisaran Mongul, malaka sepi. Adapun perjanjian dagang yang terbentuk ataralain ; Pax Romana dan Pak Sinika, Pax Mongolica, "mitreka satata". Walau perjanjiannya sebatas jaminan keamanan dalam perjlanan dagang. Perdagangan ini melibatkan banyak kerajaan diantaranya ; Gujarat India, Cina dan kerajaan Tarumanegara dan majapahit.
INTEGRAL STUDY OF THE SILK ROADS ARE COMMERCIAL BUSINESS Lestari, Bernadetta
Majalah Ekonomi Vol 13 No 2 (2010): Desember
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas PGRI Adi Buana

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The Silk Roads over land, sea or the steppe, were above all a means of communication and dialogue between civilizations. The exsistence of the routes, whose origins are lost in the mists of time, but whose history can be traced back over more than 2000 years, made an inestimable contribution to the civilization of mankind. At their peak, the Silk Roads took on a significance which was both cultural and commercial. It seemed almost as if the western gate of the city of Chang"An (Xian), capital of China during the Tang dynasty, opened directly into distant countries such as Persia; countries whence arrived not only an immense volume of commercial goods, but olso new ideas. Through these exchanges, countries in the west reaped enermous benefits from the vast sum of knowledge which had enriched the culture of the Chinese capital. These routes extended even beyond the practical terminal points in the MiddleEast and China, westwards as far as Rome or Venice and eastwards as far as Nara. (Draff. Unesco)
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