Etty R. Agoes
Guru Besar, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran

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"CYBERCIME" DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN BEBERAPA KEGIATAN DI LAUT Agoes, Etty R.
Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

AbstrakPada jaman digital dimana komunikasi secara online telah menjadi suatu keharusan, pengguna internet dan negara-negara dihadapkan pada ancaman serangan melalui dunia maya. Para penjahat siber terus mengembangkan teknik serangannya, mereka juga mulai mengalihkan targetnya dengan mengurangi pencurian informasi perbankan atau keuangan dan beralih ke spionase business dan mengakses informasi dari situs-situs pemerintah. Untuk melawan cybercrime yang berkembang dengan sangat pesat negara-negara harus bekerjasama untuk mengembangkan suatu model yang efektif untuk mengawasi ancaman-ancaman demikian. Ancaman terhadap pelayaran internasional hari ini tidak lagi datang hanya dari para pembajak maupun teroris, tetapi para peretas (hackers) melalui komputer, baik yang berada di atas kapal maupun jauh di daratan. Dampak dari kejahatan dunia maya tersebut tidak hanya terasa di bidang pelayaran, tetapi di bidang-idang pemanfaatan laut lainnya seperti kabel dan pipa di dasar laut. Tulisan ini akan mencoba untuk melihat sejumlah kegiatan pemanfaatan laut yang rawan terkena cybercrime terutama dikaitkan dengan sejumlah aktivitas dilaut seperti pelayaran, baik oleh kapal niaga, kapal perang, maupun kapal pemerintah yang dioperasikan untuk kepentingan niaga maupun bukan, kapal yang bertenaga nuklir maupun yang mengangkut nuklir atau bahan lain yang karena sifatnya berbahaya atau beracun, yang diatur oleh UNCLOS 1982.Kata Kunci: cybercrime, digital, laut AbstractIn the digital era where online communication has become a necessity, internet users and the states have to overcome the threat through cyberspace. The cyber criminals simultaneously develop they attack techniques and also began to shift the target from banking or financial information to business espionage and access information from government websites. To overcome the threats from cybercrime, states should work together and develop an effective model for overseeing such threats. Threats to international shipping today no longer come only from the hijackers or terrorists, but also from the hackers through a computer. The hackers can be located on the boat or in the main island. The impact of cyber crime is not only to the shipping, but also in another fields such as cables and pipelines on the seabed. This paper will try to see a number of activities that are vulnerable to the cybercrime in particular related to the a number of activities at sea such as shipping, either by commercial ships, warships, as well as government ship operated for commercial or not, a ship with nuclear-powered or carrying nuclear or other materials that are inherently dangerous or toxic, regulated by UNCLOS 1982.Keyword: cybercrime, sea, digitalDOI : https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v1n2.11 
PRAKTIK NEGARA-NEGARA ATAS KONSEPSI NEGARA KEPULAUAN Agoes, Etty R.
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Since the succesful adoption of archipelagic state principle in the UNCLOS that was basically sponsored by states whose territory mostly consists of island or group of islands surrounding by sea, there are only nineteen countries out of twenty-four countries that can be considered as archipelagic state, that have enacted their domestic regulations governing their policy toward their sea territory. It can be said further that Indonesia is the only one of nineteen countries who has its domestic regulation in purpose to honor the obligations under Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS) and to build strong relationship with international organizations. Based on those facts, it seems that the successful of adopting the regime archipelagic state in international law arena has not been well followed by the support of domestic regulations beacuse of some kind of barriers in each country. Indonesia has to be patient for waiting other countries to handle out their problems and then implement their obligations like Indonesia does.
Upaya Diplomatik Indonesia dalam Penetapan Alur-Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) Agoes, Etty R.
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Indonesia is the first Archipelagic State which proposed the establishment of archipelagic sea lane passage as governed in article 53 United Nations Convention Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. The author opined that basic principle pf Archipelagic State is the unity of land, water, and people. This article explains the archipelagic sea lane passage based on the UNCLOS 1982. Moreover, this article describes the Indonesian efforts on the establishment of archipelagic sea lane passage, includes Indonesian diplomatic effort, within International Maritime Organization.
Development Toward the Adoption of the FAO Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Agoes, Etty R.
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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On November 25, 2009, during its governing conference in Rome, the Foodand Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) approved a newtreaty aimed at closing fishing ports to ships involved in illegal, unreported,and unregulated (IUU) fishing. This article is designed to give an illustrationon the development of efforts by the international community as a responseto the problems brought by IUU fishing practices. It will start with adescription on the background, then on port state control. It will then befollowed with an anlysis of the international legal basis for port statejurisdiction. The next part will discuss the case of IUU fishing, and finally onthe FAO Model Scheme on Port State Measures to Combat IUU Fishing, andthe recent Agreement on Port State Measures.