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Teo, Gloria
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Kegawatdaruratan Hiperkalemia Teo, Gloria
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 48, No 8 (2021): CME - Continuing Medical Education
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (407.882 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v48i8.1447

Abstract

Hiperkalemia ialah kadar kalium plasma/ serum yang melebihi batas atas rentang normal, yaitu ≥ 5,5 mEq/L; dapat bervariasi tergantung cutoff laboratorium dan sampel pemeriksaan. Hiperkalemia sering dijumpai di instalasi gawat darurat (IGD). Hiperkalemia berat dapat meningkatkan risiko mortalitas hingga 30%, karena menyebabkan aritmia yang mengancam nyawa, seperti fibrilasi ventrikel dan asistol. Hiperkalemia dapat disebabkan oleh perpindahan K+ intraseluler menuju ekstraselular, ekskresi inadekuat, dan intake K+ berlebih pada pasien gangguan ginjal. Tatalaksana hiperkalemia meliputi upaya menstabilkan miokard dan mencegah/ memperbaiki disritmia, redistribusi/pemindahan K+ menuju intraseluler, serta meningkatkan ekskresi K+.Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal range, usually ≥5,5 mEq/L; may vary depending on each laboratory cutoff and sample. Hyperkalemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in emergency department. Severe hyperkalemia may increase the mortality up to 30% due to fatal arrhythmia, such as ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Hyperkalemia might be caused by potassium shift to extracellular compartment, inadequate excretion, and increased potassium intake in patients with decreased renal function. Management of hyperkalemia include myocardial stabilization and preventing/ improving dysrhythmia, redistribution/ shifting potassium back to intracellular compartment, and increasing potassium excretion.
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