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All Journal Kandai Jurnal Bébasan
Gari, Siti Fatinah
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Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Vitalitas Bahasa Pamona di Kabupaten Poso Gari, Siti Fatinah
BEBASAN Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan Vol 8, No 2 (2021): BÉBASAN EDISI DESEMBER 2021
Publisher : Kantor Bahasa Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26499/bebasan.v8i2.237

Abstract

Abstrak Penelitian vitalitas bahasa di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia sudah banyak dilakukan. Namun, di Sulawesi Tengah bahasa-bahasa yang dikaji vitalitasnya masih sebagian kecil. Penelitian ini menelaah permasalahan tentang bagaimanakah status vitalitas bahasa Pamona di Kabupaten Poso? Sejalan dengan itu, kajian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan status vitalitas bahasa Pamona di Kabupaten Poso. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pengisian kuesioner, pengamatan, perekaman, pencatatan, wawancara mendalam dan terstruktur, serta penelusuran dokumen. Data kuantitatif diolah menggunakan Program Excel dan SPSS. Status vitalitas bahasa ditentukan melalui rerata indeks indikator penutur, kontak bahasa, bilingualisme, posisi dominan masyarakat penutur, ranah penggunaan bahasa, sikap bahasa, regulasi, pembelajaran, dokumentasi, dan tantangan baru dikorelasikan dengan karakteristik responden serta  dikaitkan dengan lima tingkatan vitalitas (rerata indeks 0,00—0,20 berstatus kritis, 0,21—0,40 terancam punah, 0,41—0,61 mengalami kemunduran, 0,61—0,80 rentan, dan 0,81—1,00 aman). Rerata indeks itu dihubungkan dengan rasio penutur, nilai dokumentasi bahasa, dan data kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa nilai indeks terendah terdapat pada indikator kontak bahasa (0,13), regulasi (0,36), dan bilingualisme (0,52), sedangkan nilai indeks tertinggi terdapat pada indikator posisi dominan (0,97) diikuti pembelajaran (0,86), sikap bahasa (0,82), ranah penggunaan bahasa (0,65), dan tantangan baru (0,61). Rerata indeks keseluruhan indikator itu sebesar 0,61. Angka indeks itu menunjukkan bahwa vitalitas bahasa Pamona di Kabupaten Poso berada pada kategori rentan, tetapi mendekati mengalami kemunduran. Hal itu didukung kualitas dan jenis dokumentasi bahasa Pamona. Etnik Pamona mayoritas dwibahasawan. Namun, dalam ranah keluarga, keagamaan, transaksi (jual-beli), dan pendidikan (kelas 1—3 SD) bahasa Pamona masih digunakan.Abstract There are many studies on the vitality of language that have been carried out in the world including in Indonesia. However, the vitality of the languages study in Central Sulawesi is only a few. This research examines the problem of what is the vitality status of the Pamona language in Poso Regency. In line with that, this study aims to describe the vitality status of the Pamona language in Poso Regency. The data collection has been done by using questionnaires filling techniques, observation, recording, note taking, in-depth and structured interviews, and document searches. Quantitative data were processed using Excel and SPSS programs. The vitality status of language is determined by the mean index of indicators for speakers, language contact, bilingualism, dominant position of the speaking community, the realm of language use, language attitudes, regulation, learning, documentation and new challenges which are correlated with the characteristics of respondents and associated with five levels of vitality (mean index 0, 00-0.20 are in critical status, 0.21-0.40 are threatened with extinction, 0.41-0.61 has decreased, 0.61-0.80 are vulnerable, and 0.81-1.00 is safe). The average index was related to the ratio of speakers, the value of language documentation, and qualitative data. This study found that the lowest index value was found in the indicators of language contact (0.13), regulation (0.36), and bilingualism (0.52), while the highest index value was found in the indicator of dominant position (0.97) followed by learning (0.86), language attitudes (0.82), realm of language use (0.65), and new challenges (0.61). The average index for these indicators is 0.61. The index figure shows that the vitality of the Pamona language in Poso Regency is in the vulnerable category, but is approaching the decline category. This is supported by the quality and type of Pamona language documentation. The majority of Pamona ethnicity are bilingual. However, in the realm of family, religion, transaction (buying and selling), and education (grades 1-3 SD) Pamona language is still used.
FONOLOGI GENERATIF BAHASA TOTOLI (Generative Phonology of Totoli Language) Gari, Siti Fatinah; Tamrin, NFN; B, M Asri
Kandai Vol 19, No 2 (2023): KANDAI
Publisher : Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26499/jk.v19i2.5624

Abstract

This study investigates the realization of segments, syllable patterns, and the characteristics of Totoloi language. Therefore, this study aims to find and describe the realization of segments, syllable patterns, and characteristics of segments of Totoli language thorugh the generative phonology theory which developed by Chomsky and Morris Halle and adapted by Schane (1993). The data was obtained using listening method through tapping, taking notes, listening to conversational engagement techniques. Then, it was analyzed using the intralingual equivalence method with the equating comparison and discriminating comparison techniques. This study found that there were 32 segments of Totoli language, namely 8 vowel segments: /o/, /ɔ/, /u/, /i/, /e/, /ɛ/, /a/, /ɐ/, /a:/, /o:/, dan /i:/; and 24 consonant segments: /p/, /b/, /ɓ/, /m/, /w/, /r/, /t/, /s/, /ɗ/, /n/, /l/, /ɽ/, /Ɉ/, /ɲ/, /j/, /k/, /g/, /ŋ/, /h/, /nɗ/, /mb/, /mp/, /ŋg/, /nt/, /nɈ/, /ɗɗ/, /kk/, /ll, /ss/, and /pp/. Totoli language had a single-margin syllable canonical pattern: V/KV/KVK. By using 14 distinctive features, it was found that all vocal segments had characteristics as follows [+Sil] and [+Son]; /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/, /mb/, /mp/, /nɗ/, /nt/, /nɈ/, /ŋg/, /r/, /ɽ/,/j/, /w/ had characteristics as follows [+Son]; all consonant segments, except /h/, /w/, /j/ had characteristic as follows [+Kon];  /s/, /h/ had characteristics as follows [+Kont]; only /s/ had characteristics as follows [+Strid]; /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/, /mb/, /mp/, /nɗ/, /nt/, /nɈ/, /ŋg/, had characteristic as follows [+Nas]; /l/, /ɽ/ had characteristics as follows [+Lat]; /p/, /b/, /ɓ/, /t/, /ɗ/, /ɗɗ/, /m/, /n/, /mb/, /mp/, /nɗ/, /nt/, /r/, /w/ had characteristics as follows [+Ant]; /t/, /ɗ/, /Ɉ/, /nɗ/, /nt/, /nɈ/, /s/, /l/, /ɽ/ had characteristics as follows [+Kor]; /i/, /i:/ had characteristics as follows [Tin]; /a/, /a:/, /ɐ/ had characteristics as follows [+Ren]; /u/, /o/, /ɔ/, /k/, /g/ had characteristics as follows [+Bel]; and /u/, /o/, /ɔ/ had characteristics [+Bul]. Feature of [+Ppt] was not found in Totoli language.  Penelitian ini menelaah satu rumusan masalah, yaitu bagaimanakah realisasi segmen, pola kanonik suku kata, dan fitur-fitur distingtif segmen bahasa Totoli? Sejalan dengan itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan dan mendeskripsikan realisasi segmen, pola kanonik suku kata, dan fitur-fitur distingtif segmen bahasa Totoli melalui teori fonologi generatif yang dikembangkan oleh Chomsky dan Morris Halle dan diadaptasi oleh Schane (1992). Data diperoleh menggunakan metode simak melalui teknik sadap, catat, simak libat cakap, dan simak bebas libat cakap. Kemudian, dianalisis menggunakan metode padan intralingual dengan teknik hubung banding menyamakan dan hubung banding membedakan. Penelitian ini menemukan 39 segmen bahasa Totoli, yaitu 10 segmen vokoid: /o/, /u/, /i/, /e/, /e:/, /a/, /a:/, /o:/, /u:/, dan /i:/; dan 29 segmen kontoid: /p/, /b/, /ɓ/, /m/, /r/, /t/, /s/, /ɗ/, /n/, /l/, /ɽ/, /Ɉ/, /j/, /k/, /g/, /ŋ/, /nɗ/, /mb/, /mp/, /ŋg/, /nt/, /nɈ/, /ɗɗ/, /kk/, /ll, /tt/, /bb/, /mm/, dan /ss/. Bahasa Totoli memiliki pola kanonik suku kata margin tunggal: V, KV, KVK. Dengan menggunakan 14 fitur distingtif ditemukan bahwa semua segmen vokal bercirikan [+Sil] dan [+Son]; /m/, /mm/, /n/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/, /mb/, /mp/, /nɗ/, /nt/, /nɈ/, /ŋg/, /r/, /ɽ/,/j/, /w/ bercirikan [+Son]; semua segmen konsonan, kecuali /j/ bercirikan [+Kon]; /s/ bercirikan [+Kont]; hanya /s/ dan /ss/ bercirikan [+Strid]; /m/, /mm/, /n/, /ŋ/, /mb/, /mp/, /nɗ/, /nt/, /nɈ/, /ŋg/, bercirikan [+Nas]; /l/, /ɽ/ bercirikan [+Lat]; /p/, /b/, /ɓ/, /bb/, /t/, /ɗ/, /ɗɗ/, /m/, /n/, /mb/, /mp/, /nɗ/, /nt/, /r/ bercirikan [+Ant]; /t/, /ɗ/, /Ɉ/, /nɗ/, /nt/, /nɈ/, /s/, /ss/, /l/, /ɽ/ bercirikan [+Kor]; /i/, /i:/, /k/, /kk/ bercirikan [+Tin]; /a/, /a:/ bercirikan [+Ren]; /u/, /u:/, /o/, /o:/, /k/, /kk/, /g/ bercirikan [+Bel]; dan /u/, /u:/, /o/, /o:/ bercirikan [+Bul]. Fitur [+Ppt] tidak ditemukan dalam bahasa Totoli. 
Co-Authors B, M Asri Tamrin, NFN