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Identifying the Original Source of Megalithic Stones in Tambunan Using Spectral Signature Technique Eboy, Oliver Valentine; Sieng, Kong Teck; Kemarau, Ricky Anak
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.941-948

Abstract

Megalithic stones are a remnant of the ancient people. An intriguing megalithic stone legacy ought to emphasize the context in which it fits. Consequently, it is necessary to ascertain each megalithic stone’s historical context. This is significant for the archaeologist to obtain true and valid information. In Tambunan, there are numerous myths about megalithic stones. As a result, it is impossible to verify the story’s validity. These days, remote sensing has emerged as a crucial technical instrument for archaeologists to gather spatial data in both broad and localized locations. Prior research has demonstrated the efficacy of remote sensing in identifying archaeological site remnants. Nevertheless, there have never been any investigations utilizing remote sensing in relation to small-sized megalithic stones. Thus, this study employs spectral signature techniques and remote sensing to identify the original source of the megalithic stones discovered in Tambunan. This study carries out the spectral signature of megalithic stones in Tambunan using Sentinel-2A satellite image data with a 5-meter resolution using the SNAP application. Before that, the coordinates and measurements for each megalithic stone were obtained from the ground. The spectral signature of all the megalithic stones was then compared with the spectral signature of the stones near the river or near the hill. The study’s findings demonstrate that the spectral signature of the megalithic stones in question is identical to the stone found in the river near its location. As a result, this study was successful in providing scientific evidence that the river is the source of the megalithic stones in Tambunan, despite the stones’ considerable distance from their site.
Impact Deforestation on Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study Highland Kundasang, Sabah Kemarau, Ricky Anak; Eboy, Oliver Valentine; Sakawi, Zaini; Suab, Stanley Anak; Md Nor, Nik Norliati Fitri
Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/geoplanning.10.1.45-54

Abstract

In recent decades, extensive deforestation in tropical regions has dynamically reshaped forests and land cover. Driven by demands for intensified agriculture, rural settlement expansion, and urban growth, this transformation underscores the need for vigilant monitoring of vegetation and forest cover to comprehend global and local environmental shifts. This study focuses on the intricate interplay between deforestation and its impact on land surface temperature (LST) within Sabah's Kundasang highland. Analyzing years 1990, 2009, and 2021, the study employs Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite data spanning three decades to decipher forest cover dynamics. Utilizing remote sensing techniques, it unveils the evolving relationship between deforestation, forest cover, and LST fluctuations, validated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) insights from 1990 to 2021. Motivated by the scarcity of research on tropical deforestation's LST impact, the study's core aim is to establish a robust link between forest loss extent and ensuing thermal changes. The findings highlight a tangible influence of reduced vegetation on rising surface temperatures, necessitating a precise understanding of deforested areas and their thermal responses. Revealing a striking scenario, around 76% of Kundasang highland's forest cover transformed into agriculture and urban zones over 27 years. The study further uncovers a clear inverse relationship between LST and forest area in square kilometers, as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). These findings provide valuable guidance for forest management, identifying vulnerable areas, while also empowering local governance to shape sustainable land management strategies.
Satellite-Observed Monthly Variability of Sea Surface Chlorophyll-a Concentration: A Case Study in East Malaysia Kemarau, Ricky Anak; Eboy, Oliver Valentine; Sakawi, Zaini; Suab, Stanley Anak; Noor, Noorashikin Md
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 57 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2025.57.1.1

Abstract

Monsoon variability plays a pivotal role in Malaysia's economy, yet research has overlooked its impact on chlorophyll-a distribution in the South China Sea. Our study addresses this gap, focusing on the monsoon's influence on chlorophyll-a levels in Malaysian waters, enhancing the understanding of regional marine ecosystems and their economic significance. The objective of this research is to examine the Northeast Monsoon (NEM) and Southwest Monsoon (SWM) influence on the variability of chlorophyll-a concentration distribution and its relation to the total number of fish landings in East Malaysia in the year 2019. To achieve this goal, MODIS data was utilized. Literature reviews have indicated that remote sensing wavelength reflectances at 443 and 555 nanometers were also employed to assess phytoplankton biomass and suspended sediment concentrations. An increase in the phytoplankton absorption coefficient at 443 nanometers, coupled with a higher backscattering constant for dissolved and detrital material, correlates with elevated phytoplankton biomass and suspended sediment concentrations. The investigation revealed significant variability in chlorophyll-a concentrations across monsoon seasons, with values peaking at 36.5 mg mˉ³ during the SWM, which contrasts markedly with the NEM. This influence of suspended sediment and organic matter may introduce bias to chlorophyll-a concentration measurement. Accordingly, an increase in the phytoplankton absorption constant at 443 nanometers, coupled with a higher backscattering coefficient for dissolved and detrital material, correlates with elevated phytoplankton biomass and suspended sediment concentrations. The investigation revealed significant variability in chlorophyll-a concentrations across monsoon seasons, with values peaking at 36.5 mg mˉ³ during the SWM, which contrasts markedly with the NEM. This variability underscores the profound impact of monsoon dynamics on chlorophyll-a distribution in East Malaysia, influencing both marine biomass and fishery yields. These findings suggest that different monsoon seasons lead to varying total fish landings in East Malaysia. Established on the observed differences in chlorophyll-a dispersion, remote sensing technology explains higher fish catches during the SWM than the NEM. This information is vital for fishers, as it aids in optimizing their operation and reducing overall costs.