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Assessment of Management of Waste Collection and Disposal in Bauchi Metropolis Bauchi State, Nigeria Ahmed, Fahad; Muhammad, Salisu Umar; Umar, Ahmed Faruk
International Journal of Science Education and Science Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/ijses.v2i2.340

Abstract

Waste management is the process of collecting, transporting, processing or disposing, managing and monitoring of waste materials. Poor waste management has been a major problem to human health and existence, affecting both rural and urban areas. The study used survey research design adopted a quantitative method because of its appropriateness to the topic under investigation. In most low to medium income developing nations like Nigeria, almost 100 percent of generated waste goes to landfills, while wastes are deposited in open dumps in developing nations; these have become obsolete in the developed countries. The educated respondents are significantly more likely than the less educated to dispose of waste through composting (p < 0.05) and incineration (p < 0.025). However, the less educated are more likely to dispose of refuse by open dumping (p < 0.05), burning and burying (p < 0.05), and also more likely to hand carry refuse (p < 0.025) and transport refuse by wheel barrow (p < 0.025) than the more educated would do. Majority of the respondents (75.90%) have a centralized place for dumping solid waste and the commonest means of transports of waste was by wheel barrow (70.20%). The repeated measure regression was used to allow comparisons among the variables under each condition. For finding depicts many factors like current methods, source of information, types of waste generated and waste management practices of waste collection and disposal. The finding shows that if public and private sector provides necessary consideration and utilization of practice of west collection and disposal, and encouragement of awareness on the uses of recycling method and practice to the Bauchi Metropolis. Multiple regressions were conducted to test the above-mentioned assessment.
The Production of Liquid Soap Using Locally Sourced Groundnut Oil and Optimization of its Physicochemical Properties Salisu, Umar Muhammad; Ahmad, Mubarak Ibrahim; Ibrahim, Yusuf; Ahmed, Fahad; Ibrahim, Haruna Sanusi
Journal of Material Science and Radiation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/jmsr.v2i1.501

Abstract

Creating liquid soap with locally sourced oils is not just a smart choice for your wallet, but it’s also a sustainable option compared to imported soaps. This study zeroed in on making liquid soap from groundnut oil and fine-tuning its physicochemical properties like pH, viscosity, foam ability, total solids, and stability. We prepared four different formulations by tweaking the amounts of potassium hydroxide (KOH), glycerol, and sodium chloride (NaCl). The soap samples were put through standard lab tests. The results showed that all formulations had pH levels within the acceptable range (9–10), and we noticed that viscosity, foam height, and total solids increased with higher concentrations of glycerol and NaCl. Stability tests conducted over four weeks revealed that Samples B, C, and D held up well with no phase separation, while Sample C (100 g oil, 11 g KOH, 4% glycerol, 1.5% NaCl) struck the perfect balance of physicochemical properties, aligning with international liquid soap standards. The study wrapped up by confirming that groundnut oil is a great choice for producing high-quality liquid soap, providing an affordable and locally available raw material for both small-scale and industrial production. We recommend diving deeper into optimization studies, conducting microbial analyses for shelf-life evaluations, and encouraging the use of groundnut oil-based liquid soap in local industries to boost sustainability and economic growth