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All Journal Lingua Cultura Chi`e: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang
Rachman, Zulfikar
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Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Other

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The Imperative of Request of Indonesian and Japanese Language: A Comparative Studies on Politeness Rachman, Zulfikar
Lingua Cultura Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022): Lingua Cultura
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/lc.v16i2.8367

Abstract

The research aimed to find the imperative of requests and their politeness in the Indonesian and Japanese languages. It also aimed to analyze the similarities and dissimilarities between both languages. The method applied in the research was comparative studies. The data on both languages were collected from novels, movie dialogue, email, questionnaires, SNS (LINE, WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook), and daily conversation corpus. As a result, the request markers "tolong" and "mohon" change an imperative into requesting expression. "Boleh" and "bisa" are necessary to construct an interrogative imperative of request. On the other hand, in the Japanese language, there are onkei hyōgen (~te kureru/~te kudasaru/~te morau/~te itadakeru) and ganbō hyōgen (~tai, ~te hoshii). It also has positive (masu), negative (nai/masen), assertive (masuka/desuka), and tentative (deshōka) forms. In the Indonesian and Japanese languages, commanding has the lowest politeness, followed by requesting expression. The permission request is the politest. Also, the imperative of request shows modesty and does not strongly force the audience. The imperative of request in the Indonesian language is a command that got request markers "tolong" and "mohon" to soften the command intention. On the contrary, the Japanese separate the imperative of command and request forms.
Foreign Language Proficiency and Learning Strategies of Souvenir Peddlers in the Borobudur Temple Area Rachman, Zulfikar; Muhammad Reza Rustam
Chi e Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/chie.v13i1.19703

Abstract

This study examines the foreign language proficiency and learning experiences of souvenir peddlers around the Borobudur Temple area. The study has two main objectives: (1) to explore the background of the peddlers and (2) to analyze their foreign language skills and acquisition methods. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with five souvenir peddlers aged 39-58 with varying educational backgrounds. Findings reveal that these peddlers can communicate in multiple foreign languages, including English, Japanese, Chinese, French, Korean, Dutch, German, Thai, Malay, Spanish, and Italian. However, their language acquisition occurs informally, primarly through interactions with tourists rather than formal education or textbooks. While some began learning languages at a young age, others started only after entering the souvenir trade. The study highlights the role of necessity and direct exposure in shaping language proficiency. The results suggest that foreign language skills significantly impact the peddlers’ ability to engage with international tourists and enhance sales opportunities. Future research should expand to other tourist destinations, such as Bali, Lombok, and Labuan Bajo, to compare language acquisition patterns among souvenir vendors in different regions.
Co-Authors Muhammad Reza Rustam