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Plastic Surgery : The Myths Behind Beauty Enhancement Lim, Jessica
JURNAL TEOLOGI REFORMED INDONESIA Vol. 11 No. 2 (2021): Vol. 11 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Teologi Reformed Indonesia (September 2021)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Reformed Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (453.497 KB) | DOI: 10.47135/jtri.v11i2.18

Abstract

Isu-isu seputar operasi plastik bukan sekadar isu personal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti konteks sosio-kultural yang lebih luas dari operasi plastik. Fokus studi ini adalah penggunaan operasi plastik sebagai kosmetik untuk “meningkatkan” tampilan seseorang yang tidak berkaitan dengan operasi rekonstruksi setelah kecelakaan traumatis atau penyakit atau karena cacat. Asumsi-asumsi yang mendasari operasi plastik dan faktor-faktor eksternal yang memengaruhi penggunaan operasi plastik terutama dalam budaya patriarkal adalah fokus utama studi ini. Isu-isu otonomi dan kontrol dibahas dengan kerangka pemikiran feminis, menyingkap mitos-mitos di balik apa yang dapat ditawarkan operasi plastik, serta kekuatan tersembunyi yang bekerja untuk menindas kaum wanita. Studi ini terutama mengkritik gagasan “idealisme kecantikan feminin” yang memperdaya yang telah tertanam dalam budaya modern kini. Isu-isu lain seperti reduksi identitas dan ketidaksetaraan sosial dalam penggunaan operasi plastik juga dibahas. Akhirnya, penelitian ini menjabarkan kerangka etis dan posisi untuk dipertimbangkan sebelum seseorang memutuskan untuk melakukan operasi plastik. Issues surrounding plastic surgery are not simply personal. The current study aims to examine the wider socio-cultural context where plastic surgery lies. This study focuses on plastic surgery as cosmetics, where the use of it is simply to “enhance” one’s look and is not attributed to reconstructive surgery after a traumatic accident or illness or because of defect. Assumptions underlying plastic surgery and external factors influencing how it is viewed or used especially in a male-dominant society are the main focus of this study. Issues of autonomy and control are discussed with a feminist framework in mind, unmasking the myths behind what plastic surgery offers, and the insidious power at work which serves to oppress women. This study primarily criticizes the elusive notion of “feminine beauty idealism” which has been embedded deeply in our modern culture. Other issues such as reduction of identity and social inequalities surrounding plastic surgery are also brought to light. After a great length of discussion, this study lays out its ethical framework and stance to consider before one decides to undergo a plastic surgery.
The Lord's Supper Revisited: The Absence of Agape Context in the Lord’s Supper Today Jessica
Indonesian Journal of Theology Vol 10 No 2 (2022): Edisi Reguler - Desember 2022
Publisher : Asosiasi Teolog Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46567/ijt.v10i2.195

Abstract

The Lord’s Supper is probably one of the most vital elements in Christianity. However, churches nowadays witness two extreme attitudes in approaching the Lord’s Supper: one that over-sacralizes the ceremony as something mystical or magical while the other simply takes it as a ritual or memorial. While both notions are not wrong in some sense, the ceremony in fact falls somewhere in the middle. Eucharist involved two important dimensions: it is a meal, and it is a “sacrificial” meal. The ordinary and the religious aspects both exist within the eucharist. In the records of the Last Supper, Jesus ate the Passover “meal” with His disciples and reinstituted it. From then on, the early church celebrated the Lord’s Supper, gathering and breaking bread in houses, which was then known as agape—a love feast. However, what we witness in today’s Lord’s Supper is nowhere close to the original Last Supper or the early Christian agape feast. It becomes a ceremony without a meal; a celebration without a feast. It is ironic that the so-called “supper” only involves a wafer-like bread and a really small cup of wine. It is the absence of a “meal” that this ceremony becomes more and more detached. The Lord’s Supper becomes difficult to understand because of the emphasis on its sacredness. The ceremony remains a ritual as the “sacred” is separated from the “secular”. It is the contention of this study that the separation of the love feast from the ceremony of the Lord’s Supper that render it meaningless. This study aims to uncover the context and history of the Lord’s Supper, especially the significance of a feast or meal in the eucharist, and how it was lost in the course of history. We will see that it is in the context of a meal that the early church celebrates the eucharist, a thanksgiving in the form of a love feast. It is in the context of a meal that Jesus introduced His body and blood in the Last Supper. It is in the context of a meal that God commanded the Israelites to observe the Passover. When we approach the Lord’s Table without a proper meal, the eating of the “bread” and “wine” without context becomes a ritual without reality. Finally, suggestions are given to better approach the Lord’s Table, and hopefully regain the meaning and spirit of the ceremony.