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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Hernawan, Rendi
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Arts Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Impact Behavior of Multi-Layered UHMWPE Vests Reinforced with Titanium and PVC for Ballistic Protection Muzhaffar Effendi, Nabil; Sastranegara, Azhari; Hernawan, Rendi; Anggraini, Lydia
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v7i1.504

Abstract

Achieving lightweight and high-performance bulletproof vests is essential for military and law enforcement, where balancing mobility and ballistic resistance is critical. This study investigates the ballistic performance of multi-layered Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) vests reinforced with titanium (Ti6Al4V) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Two innovative vest configurations were evaluated following National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Standard-0101.04 ballistics tests and simulated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Experimental findings indicated that while Vest 1 significantly absorbed impact energy, it failed to prevent projectile penetration. In contrast, Vest 2, incorporating additional titanium and polymer layers, effectively mitigated the penetration of 9 mm Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) projectiles while maintaining a safe back-face signature (BFS). The FEM simulation results demonstrated strong agreement with the experimental data, validating the effectiveness of multi-material layering in enhancing ballistic resistance. This research presents a strategic integration of titanium and polymer composites designed to achieve superior ballistic resistance while maintaining lightweight properties. These findings provide valuable insights for developing advanced body armor designs suitable for high-performance military and law enforcement applications.
Experimental and Computational Analysis of UHMWPE-Based Multi-Layered Bulletproof Vests Under 9mm Projectiles Impact Timotius, Hizkia; Sastranegara, Azhari; Hernawan, Rendi; Sutisna, Nanang Ali; Anggraini, Lydia
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal (METAL)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.9.1.1-13.2025

Abstract

This study investigates the ballistic performance and energy absorption of multi-layered UHMWPE bulletproof vests against 9mm projectiles using experiments and finite element simulations (LS-DYNA). Two configurations were analyzed: a conventional structure and a sandwich-layered design incorporating UHMWPE, titanium (Ti6Al4V), and PVC. Ballistic tests, conducted per NIJ Level IIIA standards, were validated through simulations. The sandwich-layered vest exhibited superior energy dissipation, achieving BFS values of 12.03 mm (experiment) and 12.36 mm (simulation), effectively reducing blunt trauma risk. The multi-material approach enhanced penetration resistance and impact force distribution, while numerical models closely matched experimental findings, confirming reliability. Results demonstrate the feasibility of lightweight, high-performance ballistic armor. Future work will explore material optimization, configuration refinements, and testing with higher-caliber projectiles for broader applications.
Co-Authors Lydia Anggraini Muzhaffar Effendi, Nabil Sastranegara, Azhari Sutisna, Nanang Ali Timotius, Hizkia