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Impact of Photovoltaic Panel Orientation and Elevation Operating Temperature on Solar Photovoltaic System Performance Ebhota, Williams S.; Tabakov, Pavel Y
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43676

Abstract

This study conducts optimum tilt angle and orientation of a standalone c-Si monocrystalline solar photovoltaic (PV) system deploying PVsyst software. The site of the hypothesized solar PV system is at 9, Mountain Rise, Berea, Durban, South Africa. This work presents values of tilt and azimuth angles and battery operating temperature that support optimal solar PV system performance. The range of angles considered for tilt and azimuth for a fixed PV panel mounting is 0° to 90° and -100° to 100°, respectively. Based on the report obtained from PVsyst design and simulation software, this study finds that: the highest available energy, specific energy, used energy, solar fraction, and lowest loss were recorded at tilt 40° and Azimuth 0°. Further, the longest battery service life was attained at an operating temperature between -2 °C to 20 °C. Hence, 40° and 0° are the optimum tilt and Azimuth angles, respectively while running the storage system at a temperature, not more than 20 °C.
Energy losses in crystalline silicon rooftop photovoltaic systems in selected site locations in Sub-Saharan Africa Ebhota, Williams S.; Tabakov, Pavel Y.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.57529

Abstract

This study systematically evaluates Phototovoltaic (PV) system energy losses and performance quality across selected locations in sub-Saharan African (SSA). Utilising a computational model for a hypothetical 10 kWp crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV system, the research categorises energy losses into irradiance (kWh/m²) and electricity production (kWh/kWp). Key contributors to irradiance losses include angular reflectivity, dirt, dust, and soiling, while inverter and radiation conversion, spectral correction, transformer and cabling, and mismatch are identified as main sources of PV system energy losses. Tilt and orientation impact the transformation of Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) into Global Tilted Irradiance (GTI), with the highest gain in Pretoria (215.4 kWh/m²) and the least in Kinshasa (3.6 kWh/m²). The study notes the highest PV system energy loss in Pretoria (346.2 kWh/kWp) and the least in Kinshasa (267.4 kWh/kWp). Despite variations in energy loss sources, the cumulative degradation rate is reported as 12.8% for all locations over a 25-year lifespan. The annual average performance ratio (PR) and capacity factor (CF) range from 77.4%/19.7% in Pretoria to 77.4%/15.6% in Kinshasa. Ambient conditions, including wind speed, relative humidity, precipitation, and temperature, are identified as key factors influencing solar irradiance and PV system losses. The study suggests preventive measures such as optimal system design, the use of bypass diodes, and high-quality PV panels.