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All Journal Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Journal of the Indonesian Medical Association : Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia
Notariza, Kemas Rakhmat
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Risk of Developing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Non-Smoking Adults Exposed to Particulate Matter 2.5 Compared to Those Without Exposure Notariza, Kemas Rakhmat; Amien, Bagus Radityo; Susanto, Agus Dwi
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 44, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v44i4.478

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development involves a complex pathway of host and environmental factors. Besides cigarette smoking, previous studies showed exposure to air pollution, such as particulate matter sized 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), might also have an important role in COPD development because it might lead to airway remodeling and chronic lung inflammation. However, the cause-and-effect relationship between PM2.5 and COPD in non-smoking patients is still unclear.Methods: Literature searches were performed in five online medical databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane Library) and hand-searching in Google Scholar. Filtering literature with the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in three relevant articles (1 case-control and 2 cohort studies). Critical appraisal was conducted using the Center of Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) worksheet from the University of Oxford for etiologic studies.Results: All three articles were considered valid. The prospective cohort was decided unimportant because of the non-significant adjusted hazard ratio (HR 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.50-3.06). The case-control and retrospective studies had important results with adjusted odds ratio of 1.29 (95% CI=1.01-1.65) and 1.69 (95% CI=1.11-2.58), respectively. The relatively low number needed to harm (NNH) of 10-23 indicated that PM2.5 exposure was a meaningful factor for the risk of developing COPD in non-smoker adults. Both articles were considered applicable to our case. Conclusion: Non-smoking adults with exposure to PM2.5, compared to those without exposure, are at higher risk of developing COPD.
Penyakit Paru Interstisial pada Sindrom Sjogren Primer Notariza, Kemas Rakhmat; Nurwidya, Fariz
Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 74 No 6 (2024): Journal of The Indonesian Medical Association - Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia, Vo
Publisher : PENGURUS BESAR IKATAN DOKTER INDONESIA (PB IDI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47830/jinma-vol.74.6-2024-1705

Abstract

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common extraglandular manifestation in primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS), the second most prevalent autoimmune rheumatic disease. This literature review aimed to discuss about ILD in pSS (pSS-ILD), beginning from aspect of epidemiology, classification criteria, monitoring of disease activity, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, to management. The 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for pSS are useful for establishing a diagnosis of pSS. The level of disease activity can be assessed by using the EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI). Development of autoimmunity to epithelial cells is the pathogenesis mechanism of pSS not only in exocrine glands but also extraglandular, including the lungs. The main diagnostic modalities recommended in the screening and monitoring of ILD in pSS are pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of thorax. Systemic therapy options for pSS-ILD include glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents and biological drugs.
Co-Authors Agus Dwi Susanto Amien, Bagus Radityo Fariz, Nurwidya