Articles
<![CDATA[Increasing the Accuracy of Detection and Recognition in Visual Surveillance ]]>
<![CDATA[Ali Bazmi]]>;
<![CDATA[karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 2, No 3: June 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[Visual surveillance has two major steps of detecting and recognizing moving objects. In the detection stage, moving objects must be detected as quickly and accurately as possible and the influence of environmental light changes and waving trees should be reduced. In this research a block-based method is introduced in HSV color space in the detection stage. This method did not scan all the pixels of the frame and acted well in situations like sudden light changes. A powerful pattern recognition system should have powerful feature extraction and classification. Note that, feature extraction in gray level or RGB color space has problems such as environmental light changes, adding noise or changes in contrast and sharpness of images, which lead to weak classification. So the HSV color space was used. Here, Block-based Improved Center Symmetric Local Binary Pattern is introduced for feature extraction. In each component of the HSV color space, information of highlight areas in the image such as edge, shape and some texture was extracted. The histogram was calculated in two-level blocks and Support Vector Machine was used for classifying into vehicles, motorcycles and pedestrians. The obtained results in increasing the detection accuracy and decreasing the spent time were satisfactory.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.337]]>
<![CDATA[Two Novel Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Algorithms ]]>
<![CDATA[Razieh Akhavan]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 4, No 3: June 2014 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[Assessment of blood vessels in retinal images is an important factor for many medical disorders. The changes in the retinal vessels due to the pathologies can be easily identified by segmenting the retinal vessels. Segmentation of retinal vessels is done to identify the early diagnosis of the disease like glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy and arteriosclerosis. In this paper, we propose two automatic blood vessel segmentation methods. The first proposed algorithm starts with the extraction of blood vessel centerline pixels. The final segmentation is obtained using an iterative region growing method that merges the contents of several binary images resulting from vessel width dependent modified morphological filters on normalized retinal images. In the second proposed algorithm the blood vessel is segmented using normalized modified morphological operations and neuro fuzzy classifier. Normalized morphological operations are used to enhance the vessels and neuro fuzzy classifier is used to segment retinal blood vessels. These methods are applied on the publicly available DRIVE database and the experimental results obtained by using green channel images have been presented and their results are compared with recently published methods. The results demonstrate that our algorithms are very effective methods to detect retinal blood vessels.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i3.5829]]>
<![CDATA[Automatic Segmentation of Glottal Space from Video Images Based on Mathematical Morphology and the hough Transform ]]>
<![CDATA[Davod Aghlmandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 2, No 2: April 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[Vocal disorders directly arise from the physical shape of the vocal cords. Videostroboscopic imaging provides doctors with valuable information about the physical shape of the vocal cords and about the way these cords move. Segmentation of the glottal space is necessary in order to characterize morphological disorders of vocal folds. One of the main problems with the methods presented is their low level of accuracy. To solve this problem, an automatic method based on Mathematical Morphology edge detection and the Hough transformation is presented in this article to extract the glottal space from the videostroboscopic images presented. Our method compared with the histogram and active contours methods and the findings showed that our proposed method yields better results.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i2.212]]>
<![CDATA[The Security of Arithmetic Compression Based Text Steganography Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Reihane Saniei]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 6: December 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[Security of a modern design of steganography on lossless compression isstudied in this paper. Investigation of a set of methods presented hereindicates that there are various approaches to establish a hidden and saferelationship with the minimum cost for text files. Although, steganography of information in text is one of the most difficult areas of steganography, many efforts were made in this regard. With regard to the spread of this category and existence of wide volume of approaches, this paper deals with comparison and evaluation of steganography security by a statisticalcompression method called arithmetic coding and other methods of textsteganography. Moreover, this method is available for audio-visual and video files. In addition, stego key was placed in a format that it would not arouse any suspicions. It is notable that this new method of steganography or rewriting and syntactic and semantic review does not reveal the secret message and results in 82.88% improvement in security.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i6.4068]]>
<![CDATA[An Adaptive Steganography Scheme Based on Visual Quality and Embedding Capacity Improvement ]]>
<![CDATA[Mojtaba Bahmanzadegan Jahromi]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 4, No 4: August 2014 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[In this paper, a steganography technique using LSB substitution and PVD method is presented as an adaptive scheme in the spatial domain. Our method partitions the grayscale image into several non-overlapping blocks with three consecutive pixels. The embedding algorithm can both replace the secret data with the LSBs of the middle pixel and embed it in the difference values between the middle pixel and its two neighboring pixels of the cover-block. The number of secret bits is determined adaptively based on the range divisions for embedding in the difference value. We define a new range division on gray level which takes into account a larger embedding capacity for bits. After the embedding, the proposed method detects the pixels which are sensitive to hyper distortion. Then, the embedding process will be repeated to produce insignificant visual distortion in those pixels. Our experimental results demonstrate that this iterative steganography scheme prevents significant visual distortion into stego-image. The generated PSNR values are higher than the corresponding values of the most commonly used methods, discussed in this study. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the hiding capacity increased enormously when the proposed range division is used. Finally, we illustrate that the method can pass RS and steganalysis detector attacks.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i4.6307]]>
<![CDATA[A Novel Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Algorithm using Fuzzy segmentation ]]>
<![CDATA[Razieh Akhavan]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 4, No 4: August 2014 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[Assessment of blood vessels in retinal images is an important factor for many medical disorders. The changes in the retinal vessels due to the pathologies can be easily identified by segmenting the retinal vessels. Segmentation of retinal vessels is done to identify the early diagnosis of the disease like glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy and arteriosclerosis. In this paper, we propose an automatic blood vessel segmentation method. The proposed algorithm starts with the extraction of blood vessel centerline pixels. The final segmentation is obtained using an iterative region growing method that merges the binary images resulting from centerline detection part with the image resulting from fuzzy vessel segmentation part. In this proposed algorithm, the blood vessel is enhanced using modified morphological operations and the salt and pepper noises are removed from retinal images using Adaptive Fuzzy Switching Median filter. This method is applied on two publicly available databases, the DRIVE and the STARE and the experimental results obtained by using green channel images have been presented and compared with recently published methods. The results demonstrate that our algorithm is very effective method to detect retinal blood vessels.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i4.6253]]>
<![CDATA[Automatic Segmentation of Glottal Space from Video Images Based on Mathematical Morphology and the hough Transform ]]>
<![CDATA[Davod Aghlmandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 2, No 4: August 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[Vocal disorders directly arise from the physical shape of the vocal cords. Videostroboscopic imaging provides doctors with valuable information about the physical shape of the vocal cords and about the way these cords move. Segmentation of the glottal space is necessary in order to characterize morphological disorders of vocal folds. One of the main problems with the methods presented is their low level of accuracy. To solve this problem, an automatic method based on Mathematical Morphology edge detection and the Hough transformation is presented in this article to extract the glottal space from the videostroboscopic images presented. This method and two other popular algorithms, histogram and active contour, are performed on 10 sets of videostroboscopy data from excised larynx experiments to compare their performances in analyzing videostroboscopy images. The accuracy in computing glottal area of these methods are investigated. The results show that our proposed method provides the most accurate and efficient detection, and is applicable when processing low-resolution images. In this paper we used edge detection based on geometric morphology to detecting the edges of vocal cords. Then in the next step the edges that were extracted, using Hough transform change to some lines. After that through using proposed algorithm, we omit the extra lines and extract the glottis.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i4.324]]>
<![CDATA[Real-Time Hand Gesture Recognition Based on the Depth Map for Human Robot Interaction ]]>
<![CDATA[Minoo Hamissi]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 6: December 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[In this paper, we propose and implement a novel and real-time method for recognizing hand gestures using depth map. The depth map contains information relating to the distance of objects from a viewpoint. Microsoft’s Kinect sensor is used as input device to capture both the color image and its corresponding depth map. We first detect bare hand in cluttered background using distinct gray-level of the hand which is located near to the sensor. Then, scale invariance feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is used to extract feature vectors. Lastly, vocabulary tree along with K-means clustering method are used to partition the hand postures to ten simple sets as: "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine" and "ten" numbers based on the number of extended fingers. The vocabulary tree allows a larger and more discriminatory vocabulary to be used efficiently. Consequently, it leads to an improvement in accuracy of the clustering. The experimental results show superiority of the proposed method over other available approaches. With this approach, we are able to recognize 'numbers' gestures with over 90% accuracy.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i6.3954]]>
<![CDATA[Energy-Efficient Multi-SPEED Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks ]]>
<![CDATA[Babak Namazi]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 2: April 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) consist of a large number of sensor nodes randomly deployed in an area of interest to collect information from the environment. Due to lack of resources, energy efficiency and Quality of Service(QoS) are challenging issues in WSNs. In This paper, a new localized routing protocol is proposed which considers different QoS requirements in WSN. For latency considerations, it takes into account multiple levels of delay requirements by implementing different speed layers. Reliability needs are met by dynamically adjusting the transmission power of the sender and based on the energy consumed at the transmitter and the residual energy of the receiver, the forwarding decision is made. Finally, the performance of the protocol is evaluated using computer simulation.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i2.2294]]>
<![CDATA[Standardizing, Segmenting and Tenderizing Letters and Improving the Quality of Envelope Images to Extract Postal Addresses ]]>
<![CDATA[Milad Shirmohammadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Karim Faez]]>;
<![CDATA[Hassan Khotanlou]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 2, No 3: June 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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<![CDATA[In most mechanized postal systems, envelopes are scanned based on the postal standard using mechanical instruments. In the standard format, the image of envelopes lacks tilts, lines are along the horizontal axis and words are placed in a correct and non-oblique manner. In this article a new algorithm for rotating, segmentation and Tenderizing Letters for standardizing and increasing the quality of an envelope has been presented, which can be used in all text identification systems as three successful pre-processing algorithms. In the algorithm proposed, letters with any forms and tilts during scanning were rotated and standardized by applying a simple two-step algorithm based on what was written on the envelope without requiring the calculation of tilt angle. After standardization, the main regions of the image were specified using the histogram information. Then, in a simple algorithm, the candidate points from the pixels related to the text on the envelope were selected and quality improvement and tenderization were done on the main regions of the image. The advantaged of the proposed algorithm included No need for additional mechanical equipment, less calculation, simplicity and consideration of the structure of words on the envelope in all preprocessing phases.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.342]]>
