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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Ferda Ernawan

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Author-ID : 2372446

Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Published : 6 Documents Claim Missing Document

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Articles

A Blind Multiple Watermarks based on Human Visual Characteristics Ferda Ernawan; Siau-Chuin Liew; Zuriani Mustaffa; Kohbalan Moorthy
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 8, No 4: August 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Digital watermarking is an alternative solution to prevent unauthorized duplication, distribution and breach of ownership right. This paper proposes a watermarking scheme for multiple watermarks embedding. The embedding of multiple watermarks use a block-based scheme based on human visual characteristics. A threshold is used to determine the watermark values by modifying first column of the orthogonal U matrix obtained from Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The tradeoff between normalize cross-correlation and imperceptibility of watermarked image from quantization steps was used to achieve an optimal threshold value. The results show that our proposed multiple watermarks scheme exhibit robustness against signal processing attacks. The proposed scheme demonstrates that the watermark recovery from chrominance blue was resistant against different types of attacks.

Tchebichef image watermarking along the edge using YCoCg-R color space for copyright protection Ferda Ernawan
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 9, No 3: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Easy creation and manipulation of digital images present the potential danger of counterfeiting and forgery. Watermarking technique which embeds a watermark into the images can be used to overcome these problems and to provide copyright protection. Digital image watermarking should meet requirements, e.g. maintain image quality, difficult to remove the watermark, quality of watermark extraction, and applicable. This research proposes Tchebichef watermarking along the edge based on YCoCg-R color space. The embedding region is selected by considering the human visual characteristics (HVC) entropy. The selected blocks with minimum of HVC entropy values are transformed by Tchebichef moments. The locations of C(0,1), C(1,0), C(0,2) and C(2,0) of the matrix moment are randomly embedded for each watermark bit. The proposed watermarking scheme produces a good imperceptibility by average SSIM value around 0.98. The watermark recovery has greater resistant after several types of attack than other schemes.

Image watermarking based on integer wavelet transform-singular value decomposition with variance pixels Ferda Ernawan; Dhani Ariatmanto
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 9, No 3: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

With the era of rapid technology in multimedia, the copyright protection is very important to preserve an ownership of multimedia data. This paper proposes an image watermarking scheme based on Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The binary watermark is scrambled by Arnold transform before embedding watermark. Embedding locations are determined by using variance pixels. Selected blocks with the lowest variance pixels are transformed by IWT, thus the LL sub-band of 8×8 IWT is computed by using SVD. The orthogonal U matrix component of U3,1 and U4,1 are modified using certain rules by considering the watermark bits and an optimal threshold. This research reveals an optimal threshold value based on the trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility of watermarked image. In order to measure the watermarking performance, the proposed scheme is tested under various attacks. The experimental results indicate that our scheme achieves higher robustness than other scheme under different types of attack.

Video steganography based on DCT psychovisual and object motion Muhammad Fuad; Ferda Ernawan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 3: June 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Steganography is a technique of concealing the message in multimedia data. Multimedia data, such as videos are often compressed to reduce the storage for limited bandwidth. The video provides additional hidden-space in the object motion of image sequences. This research proposes a video steganography scheme based on object motion and DCT-psychovisual for concealing the message. The proposed hiding technique embeds a secret message along the object motion of the video frames. Motion analysis is used to determine the embedding regions. The proposed scheme selects six DCT coefficients in the middle frequency using DCT-psychovisual effects of hiding messages. A message is embedded by modifying middle DCT coefficients using the proposed algorithm. The middle frequencies have a large hiding capacity and it relatively does not give significant effect to the video reconstruction. The performance of the proposed video steganography is evaluated in terms of video quality and robustness against MPEG compression. The experimental results produce minimum distortion of the video quality. Our scheme produces a robust of hiding messages against MPEG-4 compression with average NC value of 0.94. The proposed video steganography achieves less perceptual distortion to human eyes and it's resistant against reducing video storage.

Multiple watermarking technique using optimal threshold Noruhida Alias; Ferda Ernawan
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 18, No 1: April 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp368-376

The multiple watermarking technique has drawn more attention due to high demand for embedding more than one copyright. This paper proposes a multiple watermarking scheme using DWT-SVD by utilizing HVS characteristics. Our scheme embeds multiple watermarks in red and blue colors. The proposed scheme examines the coefficients of U orthogonal matrix for embedding and extracting watermarks. Watermarks are scrambled by Arnold transform before embedded in the host image in order provide additional security. The optimal thresholds for red and blue colors are revealed by finding a trade-off between normalized-cross correlation and imperceptibility from quantization steps. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme achieves high resistant under JPEG and JPEG2000 compression for both inserted watermarks.

Fragile watermarking for image authentication using dyadic walsh ordering Prajanto Wahyu Adi; Adi Wibowo; Guruh Aryotejo; Ferda Ernawan
International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics Vol 9, No 3 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/ijain.v9i3.1017

A digital image is subjected to the most manipulation. This is driven by the easy manipulating process through image editing software which is growing rapidly. These problems can be solved through the watermarking model as an active authentication system for the image. One of the most popular methods is Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) which has good imperceptibility and detection capabilities. Nevertheless, SVD has high complexity and can only utilize one singular matrix S, and ignore two orthogonal matrices. This paper proposes the use of the Walsh matrix with dyadic ordering to generate a new S matrix without the orthogonal matrices. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to reduce computational time by 22% and 13% compared to the SVD-based method and similar methods based on the Hadamard matrix respectively. This research can be used as a reference to speed up the computing time of the watermarking methods without compromising the level of imperceptibility and authentication.

Co-Authors Adi Wibowo Dhani Ariatmanto Guruh Aryotejo Kohbalan Moorthy Muhammad Fuad Noruhida Alias Prajanto Wahyu Adi Siau-Chuin Liew Zuriani Mustaffa

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