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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control)
Khanh Ty Luong
The University of Danang
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Misalignment fading effects on the ACC performance of relay-assisted MIMO/FSO systems over atmospheric turbulence channels Huu Ai Duong; Van Loi Nguyen; Khanh Ty Luong
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 1: February 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp966-973

Abstract

The continuous development of internet of things (IoT) technology enables many devices to be interconnected through the external environment. Meanwhile, 5G technology provides an enhanced quality of services with high data transmission rates, requiring IoT implementation in the 5G architecture. Free-space optical communication (FSO) is considered a promising technique that can provide high-speed communication links, so FSO is an optimal choice for wireless networks to fulfill the full potential of 5G technology, providing speeds of 100 Gb/s or more. By implementing 5G features in IoT, IoT coverage and performance will be enhanced by using FSO models. Therefore, the paper proposed and investigated the multiple-input and multiple-output/free-space optical communication (MIMO/FSO) model using subcarrier quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM) and relay stations over atmospheric turbulence channels by log-normal and gamma-gamma distribution under different turbulence conditions. The performance is examined based on the average channel capacity (ACC), which is expressed in terms of average spectral efficiency (ASE) parameters while changing the different parameters of the model. The mathematical formulas of ACC for atmospheric turbulence cases are calculated and discussed the influence of turbulence strength, the different number of relay stations, misalignment effects, and different MIMO configurations.
Effects of atmospheric turbulence and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces on near terrestrial optical link for internet of things Duong Huu Ai; Hoang Huu Duc; Khanh Ty Luong; Ngoc Dat Vo
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i1.25521

Abstract

Near terrestrial free-space optical (NT-FSO) communication refers to the use of light to transmit data wirelessly through the atmosphere over relatively short distances, typically within the earth’s atmosphere. It is an alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) communication and fiber optics, providing high-speed data transmission without the need for physical cables. NT-FSO is an attractive solution for high-speed, short-distance wireless communications where physical infrastructure like fiber is impractical. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are a cutting-edge technology that enhances wireless communication systems by dynamically controlling how electromagnetic waves propagate through an environment. RIS technology is increasingly relevant in modern communication systems like 5G and beyond, aiming to improve the efficiency, coverage, and energy usage of wireless networks. This study investigates the effects of atmospheric turbulence and RIS on near terrestrial optical link for internet of things. Several numerical outcomes obtained for different link distance and average electrical signal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are shown to quantitatively illustrate the average spectral efficiency.
Double-hop of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces-aided for wireless optical link under log-normal fading channels Duong Huu Ai; Van Loi Nguyen; Khanh Ty Luong
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i2.pp1174-1180

Abstract

In optical wireless communication (OWC), the reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are used to manipulate optical signals by controlling the phase shifts or amplitude of reflected beams, which helps improve signal quality. RIS units can be tailored to increase the strength and reliability of the communication link, especially in challenging fading conditions. The double-hop scenario involves two RIS-assisted segments, such as transmitter to RIS-1 and RIS-1 to RIS-2 or a receiver. Each hop encounters log-normal fading, which impacts the overall link performance. Log-normal fading models the irradiance fluctuation caused by turbulence, which is significant in free-space optical (FSO) systems, this fading model assumes that the received optical signal’s amplitude varies with a log-normal distribution, making it more suited for weak to moderate turbulence. Numerical results are obtained under different of link distance, subcarrier quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is displayed quantitatively illustrate the average symbol error rate in the absence of RIS and with double-hop of RIS.
Co-Authors Duong Huu Ai Hoang Huu Duc Huu Ai Duong Ngoc Dat Vo Van Loi Nguyen