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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ansar Jamil
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Performance of Non-Uniform Duty-Cycled ContikiMAC in Wireless Sensor Networks Nur Rabiul Liyana Mohamed; Ansar Jamil; Lukman Hanif Audah Audah; Jiwa Abdullah; Rozlan Alias
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 7, No 2: April 2017
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (501.313 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp942-949

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology in Internet of Things (IoTs) because it can be implemented in many applications. However, a main drawback of WSN is it has limited energy because each sensor node is powered using batteries. Therefore, duty-cycle mechanisms are introduced to reduce power consumption of the sensor nodes by ensuring the sensor nodes in the sleep mode almost of the time in order to prolong the network lifetime. One of the de-facto standard of duty-cycle mechanism in WSN is ContikiMAC, which is the default duty-cycle mechanism in Contiki OS. ContikiMAC ensures nodes can participate in network communication yet keep it in sleep mode for roughly 99\% of the time. However, it is found that the ContikiMAC does not perform well in dynamic network conditions. In a bursty network, ContikiMAC provides a poor performance in term of packet delivery ratio, which is caused by congestion. One possible solution is ContikiMAC should increase its duty-cycle rate in order to support the bursty traffic. This solution creates a non-uniform duty-cycle rates among the sensor nodes in the network. This work aims to investigate the effect of non-uniform duty-cycle rates on the performance on ContikiMAC. Cooja simulator is selected as the simulation tool. Three different simulation scenarios are considered depending on the Clear Channel Assessment Rate (CCR) configurations: a low uniform CCR value (Low-CCR), a high uniform CCR value (High-CCR) and non-uniform CCR values (Non-uniform-CCR). The simulation results show that the Low-CCR scenario provides the worst performance of PDR. On the other hand, the High-CCR scenario provides the best performance of PDR. The Non-uniform-CCR provides PDR in between of Low-CCR and High-CCR.
Faulty sensor detection using multi-variate sensors in internet of things (IoTs) Khaldoon Ammar Omar; Ahmed Dhahir Malik; Ansar Jamil; Hasan Muwafeq Gheni
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 18, No 3: June 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1391-1399

Abstract

IoT devices are lightweight and have limited computational capabilities often exposed to harsh environments, which can cause failure on the IoT devices [1, 2].  The failure on the IoT devices is also caused due to limited battery life, hardware failure or human mistakes. Sensor faults can be categorized under one type of hardware failure, such as sensor burn, reduced sensor sensitivity and malfunctioned sensors.  Any faulty on the IoT devices can cause a problem on the overall operation of the IoT system. Traditional ways in the management of IoT devices is a maintenance officer require to check each device every day  [1, 3]. Any faulty devices found needs to be fixed or replaced. This traditional method is not practical and very challenging especially in the management of a large scale deployment of IoT consist of hundreds or thousands devices. Because of this, we proposed a faulty sensor detection and identification mechanism using multivariate sensors. Two methods of decision making are introduced in detecting faulty sensors, which are logical and correlation method that implemented in smart parking system and smart agriculture system accordingly. The logical method compares state of all sensors (ultrasound, IR and hall-effect) in the smart parking system either a parking lot is occupied or available, and then determine the condition of the sensors. The drawback of this method is not able to detect faulty sensor properly for a constant fault, which the sensor reading remains the same value. The correlation method calculates the correlation between all sensors (soil moisture, soil temperature and soil water) in the smart agriculture system. This method uses a moving window technique to calculate the correlation for all sensor over time. Any incomparable and uncorrelated sensor readings means a presence of faulty sensors. Based on the experiment results, the findings shows that the proposed faulty sensor detection mechanism is working properly in detecting faulty sensor in a timely manner.
Co-Authors Ahmed Dhahir Malik Hasan Muwafeq Gheni Jiwa Abdullah Khaldoon Ammar Omar Lukman Hanif Audah Audah Nur Rabiul Liyana Mohamed Rozlan Alias