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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Mohammed Hicham Hachemi
University of Tlemcen
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Spectrum Sensing with VSS-NLMS Process in Femto/Macro-cell Environments Sidi Mohammed Hadj Irid; Mohammed Hicham Hachemi; Haroun Errachid Adardour; Mourad Hadjila
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 8, No 6: December 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (403.578 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5185-5194

Abstract

Handover is a process that allows a mobile node to change its attachment point. A mobile node connected to a network can, in order to improve the quality of service, have the need to leave it to connect to a cell either of the same network or of a new network. The present paper introduce three techniques using adaptive Variable Step-Size Least Mean Square (VSSLMS) filter combined with spectrum sensing probability method to detect the triggering of handover in heterogeneous LTE networks. These techniques are Normalized LMS (NLMS), Kwong-NLMS and Li-NLMS. The simulation environment is composed of two femtocells belonging to a macrocell. Five User Equipements (UEs) are positioned in one femtocell and are assumed closest to its circumference. Simulation results show that sensing probability with Li-NLMS algorithm has a better performance compared with classical NLMS and Kwong-NLMS.
Simulation of a frequency-reconfigurable multiband antenna for 5G and Wi‑Fi 6E/7 applications Ismahane Refsi; Miloud Benchehima; Mohammed Hicham Hachemi; Salah Eddine Brezini
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 43, No 2: August 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v43.i2.pp439-449

Abstract

This paper presents a compact frequency-reconfigurable multiband antenna design suitable for 5G and Wi‑Fi 6E/7 applications. Designed on a low-cost FR4 substrate, the antenna occupies a compact footprint of 28×15×1.6 mm, making it one of the smallest designs reported and suitable for integration into space-constrained devices. Its simple geometry enables easy design and integration across platforms. Frequency reconfigurability is achieved using PIN-diode-controlled reactive elements that manipulate current distribution to shift resonant frequencies. The design and optimization were performed using CST Microwave Studio to ensure accurate electromagnetic performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design supports up to eight distinct operating modes, highlighting its versatile frequency-reconfigurable capability. Among these modes, some achieve excellent performance at specific frequency bands including Wi‑Fi 6E/7 (2.4, 5 and 6 GHz) and 5G sub-6 GHz (3.5 GHz). These findings are confirmed with simulation results showing clearly that the antenna exhibits S_11 below –20 dB across the targeted frequency bands. The antenna also demonstrates satisfactory gain, with values above 1.5 dBi across the desired frequency bands. The antenna reveals a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 1.5 across the intended frequency bands. These characteristics make the proposed antenna a compact, versatile and efficient solution for current and future wireless communication systems.
Co-Authors Haroun Errachid Adardour Ismahane Refsi Miloud Benchehima Mourad Hadjila Salah Eddine Brezini Sidi Mohammed Hadj Irid