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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Nur Emileen Abd Rashid
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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A small vessel detection using a co-located multi-frequency FMCW MIMO radar Suraya Zainuddin; Nur Emileen Abd Rashid; Idnin Pasya; Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah; Korhan Cengiz
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 11, No 6: December 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5144-5152

Abstract

Small vessels detection is a known issue due to its low radar cross section (RCS). An existing shore-based vessel tracking radar is for long-distance commercial vessels detection. Meanwhile, a vessel-mounted radar system known for its reliability has a limitation due to its single radar coverage. The paper presented a co-located frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) maritime radar for small vessel detection utilising a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. The radar behaviour is numerically simulated for detecting a Swerling 1 target which resembles small maritime’s vessels. The simulated MIMO configuration comprised two transmitting and receiving nodes. The proposal is to utilize a multi-frequency FMCW MIMO configuration in a maritime environment by applying the spectrum averaging (SA) to fuse MIMO received signals for range and velocity estimation. The analysis was summarised and displayed in terms of estimation error performance, probability of error and average error. The simulation outcomes an improvement of 2.2 dB for a static target, and 0.1 dB for a moving target, in resulting the 20% probability of range error with the MIMO setup. A moving vessel's effect was observed to degrade the range error estimation performance between 0.6 to 2.7 dB. Meanwhile, the proposed method was proven to improve the 20% probability of velocity error by 1.75 dB. The impact of multi-frequency MIMO was also observed to produce better average error performance.
A Miniaturized 878 MHz Slotted Meander Line Monopole Antenna Nabilah Ripin; Ahmad Asari Sulaiman; Nur Emileen Abd Rashid; Mohamad Fahmi Hussin; Nor Najwa Ismail
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 7, No 1: July 2017
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i1.pp170-177

Abstract

A slotted meander line printed monopole antenna for low frequency applications at 878 MHz is presented. The operating frequency of the conventional printed monopole antenna was greatly reduced by the presence of the slots and meander line which lead to the reduction of the antenna size. The size reduction up to 70% compared to the conventional reference antenna is achieved in this study. The antenna has a simple structure and small antenna size of 46.8 mm x 74 mm or 0.137????0 x 0.217????0. The antenna has been fabricated on the low-cost FR4 substrate and measured to validate the simulation performances. Measured results display that the proposed antenna produces omnidirectional radiation pattern of impedance bandwidth of 48.83 MHz and the maximum gain of -1.18 dBi.
Co-Authors Ahmad Asari Sulaiman Idnin Pasya Korhan Cengiz Mohamad Fahmi Hussin Nabilah Ripin Nor Najwa Ismail Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah Suraya Zainuddin