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Revisiting Feminist Strategies in Poetry: Gender, Genre, and Power Relation A.B. Sri Mulyani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

The patriarchal gender division of private-public dichotomy assigned to particular gender for different roles and sphere is generally viewed as an “ancient” practice in the West. However, this “ancient” gender conception that can be traced from its Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian roots can frequently be pertinently visible in modern Western world as exemplified in the notion of “Woman’s place” and; it becomes the dominant gender discourse. Consequently, this discourse continually creates hierarchical and unequal power relation that marginalizes women in accessing education and their full participation in public spheres. This limited accessibility to education (including language and literacy) also shapes the roles and status of women as writers in Western critical and literary tradition. Writing as a profession is traditionally men’s domain; therefore, the production and contribution of women writers have less privilege and space in the Western canon. Women writers from time to time have to struggle to reclaim their rights and place in it. This research attempts to re-examine how this (re)production of the binary opposition of private-public sphere operates in language and literature of the Western critical literary tradition by scrutinizing the selected poems by the selected women writers in this research. Furthermore, this research also studies and locates how women writers employ particular strategies in gendering and degendering their writings as both aesthetic and ideological expressions. In conclusion, this research argues that women writings are not “deficient” and “inferior” to their male counterpart; and instead their status and difference as writers are the result of patriarchal dominance and power relation that historically have subordinated and denied them equal public access to education, language, literacy, and literary production.

Language and Gender: toward a Critical Feminist Linguistics Sri Mulyani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 14, No 2 (2014): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

This article attempts to map out the development of language and gender research and studies from its early stage to recent trend. The early language and gender research is inclined to essentialist view; and it subsequently changes its direction into a more non-essentialist perspective. Both essentialist and non-essentialist perspectives on language and gender research are not necessarily affiliated with feminist linguistics. Their research findings mostly conclude that womens language is inferior and women are not capable users of language. In a response to such sexist findings, various feminist scholars across the disciplines venture to rethink and redefine gender and language. Among many different approaches that they employ are two notable views, namely, the dominance and difference perspectives. One views man-woman differences in language use as a reflection of their power relation: the dominant and the subordinate. Meanwhile, the other sees this different linguistic use as a result of the different sub-cultures of their social environment (Coates, 2000: 413 and also Litosseliti, 2006:27). This shift toward a critical feminist linguistics is in fact informed by the current theories in critical thinking and feminist perspectives.Keywords: language, gender, feminist perspective

Problematizing de Beauvoirs Myth of Woman through Gender Relation in David Lehmans When a Woman Loves a Man Pramesthi Dewi Kusumaningrum; Sri Mulyani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 16, No 2 (2016): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Gender relation in society is complex and fluid. However, the complexity and fluidity are oversimplified by patriarchal systems in the form of binary oppositions. David Lehmans When a Woman Loves a Man is a poem portraying the complexity and fluidity of gender relation. Through several levels of reading the poem, gender relations between woman and man are proven to be dynamic, yet it is still dominated by patriarchal systems. This research attempts to problematize de Beauvoirs myth of woman which represents gender relation between woman and man in binary oppositions. This research applies deconstructive method. The deconstructive method includes close reading and deconstructive reading. It is applied to problematize de Beauvoirs myth of woman through Lehmans When a Woman Loves a Man. The first level of reading (close reading) in Lehmans When a Woman Loves a Man shows that the findings on the form, diction, word order, point of view, and tone versus the findings on metaphors, imagery, symbols, and allusions are contradictory. The second level of reading (explication) shows that Lehmans When a Woman Loves a Man depicts some gender relation. Those are woman- man relation in speaking, never being in the same domain, performing different roles in the same domain, communicating, viewing gender relation, fighting, and considering night and sleep. The last level of reading is deconstructive reading. The first level of deconstructive reading questions the objectivity of portraying woman-man relation. The second level reveals the discontinuity of de Beauvoirs myth of woman to construct the gender relation in the poem in binary oppositions. The universalizing context and the absence of womans voice in de Beauvoirs myth of woman reveal the question of the objectivity of the myth and how even though de Beauvoirs myth of woman stereotypes both genders unequally, woman remains the marginalized one. Keywords: myth of woman, gender relation, deconstructive reading.

Bullfighting and Masculinity in Jorge Gutierrezs The Book of Life Leendert Farrel Saimima; Sri Mulyani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 18, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

This study is conducted to analyse the masculinity in Jorge Gutierrezs The Book of Life. The study is also conducted to discuss the variety of masculine characteristics within The Book of Life. The film takes place in a little Mexican town called San Angel where the protagonist, Manolo Sanchez, must choose between his family heritage to become the next Sanchez bullfighter or to become himself in his own image. The main objectives of this study are to explore the characters environmental structure, to distinguish the different characteristics of masculinity between them, and to relate masculinity with bullfighting in The Book of Life. This study uses gender and film approach. Gender approach is used particularly on masculinity since it is the primary discussion in this thesis while film approach is used to aid the researcher to determine where the masculinity is shown in The Book of Life. The method of this research is conducted through film and script analysis. Specific shots and lines from the script are analysed then discussed with the theories regarding masculinity and film.The result shows that Manolos masculine characteristics predominantly lies on Male Sex Role Strain, homosexual masculinity, and imposed environment. Meanwhile, Joaquin and Carlos shares the same masculine characteristics; they dominate the Male Sex Role Identity in all four themes and have the same hegemonic masculinity. Though their environment is nothing alike, Joaquins selected environment and Carloss constructed environment proved to be more masculine than Manolo. From these, the relations between the masculine characteristics particularly on Plecks Male Sex Role Identity and bullfighting shows that the various mise-en-scne displays the facial expressions of Manolo and Carlos frequently on scenes where the activity of bullfighting occurred. The framing language is dominated between MS (Medium Shot) and ECU (Extreme Close-Up) shot. Lastly, the continuity editing in The Book of Life is more dominant in the 180o Rule and Shot/Reverse Shot.Keywords: masculinity, gender study, film study

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