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All Journal Journal of English Language Studies Journal of Language and Literature Lililacs Journal
Eka Nurcahyani
Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Divine Parody: Ridiculing America’s Spiritual Crisis in Neil Gaiman’s American Gods Ahmad Wildan Rizaq; Eka Nurcahyani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (411.936 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i1.3956

Abstract

One of the reasons for modern man's mental disorders is a spiritual crisis. In American Gods, Neil Gaiman ridicules this condition by reviving religious, folklore, and mythological entities into new contexts. These entities, however, are simplified as merely intertextual references by most studies. In fact, the new contexts are pragmatically intended to parody American modernity in leading modern man to a spiritual crisis. This research, thus, aims to be a descriptive-analytical study that not only interprets such references through intertextual analysis but also uses pragmatic analysis to examine how the novel parodically portrays modern man's spiritual journey. Deploying Linda Hutcheon's Interpretation of Parody, the Intertextual analysis results that these mythological characters are resituated to represent marginal communities, like ex-convicts, fugitives, drifters, gangsters, immigrants, homeless, laborers, prostitutes, and relocators. While applying Jung's interpretation of the relationship between mythological archetypes and psychological traits, the pragmatic analysis suggests that the hero archetype has been reimagined to caricature modern man's spiritual journey in reconciling his conscious desire with unconscious competencies that resulting disorders in his mental. The factors that influence the hero's mental stability are manifested through the trickster characters in deceiving the hero's consciousness with secular realities, while the sage characters reinforce the hero's unconsciousness through some spiritual journeys.
Identity Negotiation of Chinese American’s Twoness in Lisa Ko’s The Leavers: Postcolonial Approach Eka Nurcahyani; Muhammad Sulthon Kamil
Journal of English Language Studies Vol 6, No 1 (2021): Available Online in March 2021
Publisher : English Department - University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30870/jels.v6i1.9997

Abstract

As second-generation Chinese Americans living in the multiracial American society, negotiating their twoness or multicultural identities have been a crucial issue, both in day-to-day life and in postcolonial discourse. This study aims to examine the Chinese American’s twoness identity negotiation as portrayed in The Leavers written by Lisa Ko. To investigate the main character Deming Guo’s process in negotiating his twoness as Chinese American, Bhabha’s postcolonialism theory, Said’s orientalism and Dubois’ concept of twoness are deployed. The findings show that Deming’s identity negotiation was influenced by several important factors, which are family and the society he lived in i.e., the different cultures of parenting and the American community’s prejudices towards Chinese American. It is also revealed that the second-generation Chinese immigrants often mimic and imitate the dominant culture in order to be assimilated with the community. This act of imitation typically generated the feeling of ambivalence when the American culture they adopted clashes with their native Chinese values. They also suffered from racial bias and discrimination from the American community. Nevertheless, Deming ultimately succeeds in negotiating his multicultural identities and settle his twoness by hybridizes his clashing Chinese and American identities. This hybridity creates a balanced identity within him, thus solving his identity ambivalence caused by his twoness
Structural racism and its psychological and social consequences in Richard Wright’s Native Son Eka Nurcahyani
Lililacs Journal: English Literature, Language, and Cultural Studies Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Lililacs Journal
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/lililacs.052.01

Abstract

This study examines the representation of structural racism and its psychological and social consequences in Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940) through the lens of African American literary criticism. An interdisciplinary framework integrating historical, socio-cultural, political, economic, and psychological perspectives situates the novel within the context of the Great Depression and the Great Migration. Instead of treating racism as a background condition, this study conceptualizes it as a structural system that operates through institutions such as housing, education, employment, and the legal system while simultaneously shaping individual consciousness and social behavior. The analysis demonstrates how racial segregation, economic deprivation, and social exclusion constrain individual agency and contribute to feelings of inferiority, hopelessness, alienation, and criminalized resistance, as embodied by the protagonist, Bigger Thomas. The study argues that Wright’s novel exposes racism as a structural force that deforms both personal identity and social relations, challenging dominant narratives of individual responsibility and moral failure.
Co-Authors Ahmad Wildan Rizaq Muhammad Sulthon Kamil