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All Journal International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Akhtar Kalam
Victoria University
Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Calculation and measurement of ampacity for class 5 flexible aluminum cable at 110 °C Fernando Esma Agustin; Akhtar Kalam; Aladin Zayegh
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 10, No 3: September 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (614.498 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v10.i3.pp183-192

Abstract

Class 5 flexible aluminum conductors are not common in cable manufacturing industry due to insufficient study on cable joints and connectors. The table of ampacities for aluminum conductors at 110 °C in AS/NZS3008.1.1 standards are also not available as a reference guide for electrical system designers that restricts the installation of aluminum low voltage (LV) cabling system to operate at 90 °C of conductor maximum operating temperature where 110 °C cables are permitted in Australia. In this paper, the cable ampacities of various LV Class 5 flexible aluminum cables at maximum operating temperature of 110 °C are calculated using IEC60287 and AS/NZ3008.1.1 standards. The calculated ampacities from the formula presented in clause 4.4. of AS/NZS3008.1.1 are verified by using the 6kA inductive current generator to determine the suitability for use. The joint temperature between cable and shear bolt mechanical connectors are simultaneoulsy simulated using the calculated ampacities to determine the suitability of mechanical shear bolt connectors when the coefficient of thermal expansion of material is considered. The observed differences between the calculated and measured values demonstrate the relevance of formula used in determining the current ampacity at 110 °C conductor temperature in free air.
Investigation of 22 kV silane cure TR-EPR cable Fernando Agustin; Akhtar Kalam; Aladin Zayegh
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 10, No 1: March 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (464.03 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v10.i1.pp41-47

Abstract

EPR-insulated cables for distribution power network are not commonly used in Australia. This is due to the higher DDF of common EPR cables when compared with XLPE that contributes to the power loss and economics in transmitting electricity. This led to the development of EPR called TR-EPR with significantly lower DDF and uses silane curing process to address concerns about cost-effectiveness. The thermal behavior of low DDF silane cure TR-EPR is investigated for 30 months of exposure to the maximum operating temperature of material. The physical changes in the samples throughout the long-term aging are examined to create an opportunity to model the expected life cycle of TR-EPR cable under thermal stress. The cross-linking characteristics of TR-EPR cable are also examined by ambient curing that simulates the storage condition for unused cable and by cable heating process that simulates the condition when the cable is energized. The results are tabulated for a better understanding of the time for the material to cross-link at various conditions. The improved partial discharge values after cross-linking are also presented.
Chaotic Local Search Based Algorithm for Optimal DGPV Allocation Sharifah Azma Syed Mustaffa; Ismail Musirin; Mohd. Murtadha Othman; Mohamad Khairuzzaman Mohamad Zamani; Akhtar Kalam
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 11, No 1: July 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp113-120

Abstract

The advent of advanced technology has led to the increase of electricity demand in most countries in the world. This phenomenon has made the power system network operate close to the stability limit. Therefore, the power utilities are looking forward to the solution to increase the loadability of the existing infrastructure. Integration of renewable energy into the grid such as Distributed Generation Photovoltaic (DGPV) can be one of the possible solutions. In this paper, Chaotic Mutation Immune Evolutionary Programming (CMIEP) algorithm is used as the optimization method while the chaotic mapping was employed in the local search for optimal location and sizing of DGPV. The chaotic local search has the capability of finding the best solution by increasing the possibility of exploring the global minima. The proposed technique was applied to the IEEE 30 Bus RTS with variation of load. The simulation results are compared with Evolutionary Programming (EP)  and it is found that CMIEP performed better in most of the cases.
Co-Authors Aladin Zayegh Fernando Agustin Fernando Esma Agustin Ismail Musirin Mohamad Khairuzzaman Mohamad Zamani Mohd. Murtadha Othman Sharifah Azma Syed Mustaffa