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All Journal TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Jafri Din
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Computer Science & IT

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Interfade Duration Statistics at Ku-band for Satellite Earth Links System in Equatorial Malaysia: Modeling Distribution Mawarni Mohamed Yunus; Jafri Din; Siat Ling Jong
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 15, No 2: June 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.6152

Abstract

 Fade dynamics is one of more important parameters when implementing Fade Mitigation Techniques (FMTs) to counteract an excessive attenuation that affect satellite communication systems operating above 10 GHz. The statistics of probable duration between two rain fade namely interfade duration enables system operator to estimate how long the system will need to recover before the next outage and assist in designing the FMTs. In this paper, interfade duration statistics have been derived from one year of slant path attenuation measurements data collected in Equatorial Johor Bahru at 12.2 GHz with elevation angle of 75.61o. The result had shown the dependency of number of events with attenuation thresholds. Empirical interfade duration statistics are also obtained and suitable model distribution are proposed. 
Seasonal and diurnal variations of wet scintillation in tropical region Malaysia Ibtihal Fawzi El-Shami; Jafri Din; Ali I. Elgayar; Ahlaam Miftah Saed
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 42, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v42.i3.pp721-728

Abstract

This paper investigates the seasonal and diurnal variations of wet tropospheric scintillation in a tropical region to support the design and optimization of fade margin in satellite communication systems. A one-year Ku-band propagation measurement campaign was conducted in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, using a direct broadcast receiver (DBR) and an automatic weather station (AWS) to capture both signal and meteorological data. A comprehensive signal processing technique was applied to separate scintillation effects from rain attenuation, enabling accurate statistical characterization. The analysis was performed based on monsoon seasons and different time intervals of the day. The results indicate that higher scintillation fades are most likely to occur during the afternoon period, particularly between 3:00 pm and 6:00 pm. In addition, the inter-monsoon season exhibits a higher rate of variation in scintillation intensity due to increased convective activity, whereas the southwest monsoon shows relatively lower variability under drier conditions. The findings also demonstrate that diurnal scintillation behavior is strongly influenced by seasonal patterns, with peak intensity typically observed in the late afternoon across different monsoon periods. Unlike many existing models developed for temperate regions, this study provides experimental insights into scintillation characteristics under equatorial climatic conditions. These results offer valuable guidelines for system designers to improve fade margin allocation and enhance the reliability of satellite links in tropical environments.
Performance analysis of terrestrial 6G networks in tropical region Husam M. Banwair; Jafri Din; Khalid Ibrahim Alkhedhairi; Ahmed Basahel
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 22, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v22i6.26057

Abstract

Next-generation (NG) optical technologies are expected to offer high data rates, multiple broadband services, expandable bandwidth, and flexible communication options for diverse end users. In optical technologies, free space optical (FSO) technology stands out as a promising component to meet the requirements of terrestrial sixth generation (6G) networks. This is due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of deployment, high bandwidth capacity, and robust security features. However, haze and rain are major challenges to FSO link performance. These adverse weather conditions reduce visibility, causing significant attenuation of the laser signal. The resulting attenuation negatively impacts the performance and availability of the FSO link. This paper assesses the performance of a terrestrial FSO link under tropical climate conditions. Predicted attenuation due to haze is analyzed and compared using two wavelengths: 850 nm and 1550 nm. The predicted attenuation is based on a whole year of visibility data in Malaysia, from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023. Additionally, the availability of the two wavelengths is evaluated. The findings show that higher wavelengths experience lower attenuation compared to lower wavelengths. These results provide valuable insights into the feasibility of deploying FSO links in tropical climates.
Co-Authors Ahlaam Miftah Saed Ahmed Basahel Ali I. Elgayar Husam M. Banwair Ibtihal Fawzi El-Shami Khalid Ibrahim Alkhedhairi Mawarni Mohamed Yunus Siat Ling Jong