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Sutardi .
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Characteristics Of Phytases From Soybeans And Microorganisms Involved In The Tempe Production Sutardi .; K A Buckle
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 15 No. 3 (2004): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3601.374 KB)

Abstract

Tempe was prepared from Forest variety of soybeans inoculated with pure culture of the mould Rhizopus oligosporus strain CT11K2. Partially purified phytases from soybeans, mould of the R. oligosporus strain CT11K2, yeasts (Endomycopsis burtonii, Candida diddensiae and Candida tropicalis) and bacteria (Streptococcus faecium and Streptococcus dysgalactiae) involved during tempe production were prepared according to procedure developed by Sutardi (1988). The crude phytases were characterized and phytic acid, inorganic and total phosphorous content of soybeans, intermediate products and tempe, were also determined. Results show that phytases, produced by microorganisms involved in tempe production, and by endogenous soybean phytase, had significantly different characteristics especially on optimum pH, temperature and substrate, Km and Vmax values, inactivation and activation energy and also temperature coefficient. All phytases contribute to the reduction in phytic acid content; and mould phytase, especially the extra-cellular enzyme, and the endogenous soybean phytase, showed the dominant effect on phytic acid degradation compared with other microbial phytases and physical treatments such as soaking, boiling and steaming. Phytic acid content of soybeans was reduced by more than 50% from about 10.4 to about 4.9 – 5.0 mg/g (DWB) in fresh tempe (after 40 h fermentation at 30oC). Key words: Characteristics, pytase, soybeans, microorganisms, tempe.
Pengaruh Pemanasan Kelapa Parut Dan Teknik Pengunduhan Terhadap Rendemen Dan Mutu Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Sutardi .; Umar Santoso; Anggia .
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 22 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.022.2.%p

Abstract

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) was produced from green variety ofnon-hybride coconut type. Grated coconut was heated at 500, 70°, and 90°C for 20, 30 and 40 minutes, respectively. Harvesting technique of VCO were done by conventional, utilization of stainless steel screen, and filter paper laminated stainless steel screen methods, respectively. Produced VCO was subsequently analyzed their productivity and quality parameters consisting of moisture content, acid number, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide number, iodine number, saponification number, clearness and fatty acid profile of VCO. Statistical analysis was also conducted by using Analysis of Variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test with 5% significancy.The results showed that heating ofgrated coconut at 900C for 40 minutes produced 29.65 ±0.38% VCO, and it was the highest productivity.-Heating temperature ofgrated coconut and with any harvesting technique didn't statistitically have significant effect on productivity and quality of VCO. While, combination of heating temperature at 90°C and it was followed by harvesting technique using stainless steel screen produced the highest VCO i.e. 31.54 ± 0.58%. The best quality of VCO was characterized by 0.09 ± 0.01% moisture content, 0.20 ± 0.02 mg KOH/g oil of acid number, 0.12 ± 0.01% free fatty acid (FFA), 0.37 ± 0.01 meq/kg oil ofperoxide number, 5. 11 ± 0.01 g iod/100 g oil ofiodine number, 244. 12 ± 0.01 mg KOH/g oil saponification number and the VCO was clear and transparant. Fatty acid profile of selected VCO was dominated by medium chain fatty acid (C12:0) particularly lauric acid i.e. 50.26% and followed by 8.65% caprylic and 5,73% capric acids, respectively. "The quality parameters of VCO was able to meet the quality standard of VCO that was issued by APCC (Asia Pacific Coconut Community) quality grade.Keywords: Grated coconut, heating, harvesting technique and VCO.Diterima: 19 Apri 2008; Disetujui:27 Juli 2008
Co-Authors Anggia . K A Buckle Umar Santoso