Ilhan Ozturk
Cag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Mersin, Turkey

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Causal Relationships Among Tourism, International Trade, Pollution, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Central Asian Countries Muhammad Azam; Bilal Ahmad; Ilhan Ozturk
Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management Vol 5, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v5i1.284

Abstract

This study investigates the cointegration and causality among environmental quality (CO2 emissions), international trade, economic growth, and tourism of five Central Asian Republic States (CARS-5), namely Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan, for 1992–2018. To this end, we employed the Johansen cointegration approach, modified Wald tests, and the Toda & Yamamoto (1995) approach. The empirical results showed that the variables were cointegrated in the long run, and the Granger causality test results revealed the existence of causality in the series. Furthermore, the empirical results validated both the export-led and the tourism-led growth hypotheses for Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. These findings suggest that the CARS-5 should develop appropriate and prudent public policies to stimulate sustainable economic development.
The Moderating Role of Employment in an Environmental Kuznets Curve Framework Revisited in G7 Countries Bright Akwasi Gyamfi; Murad A. Bein; Ilhan Ozturk; Festus Victor Bekun
Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management Vol 4, No 2 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v4i2.283

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities have resulted in environmental concerns due to the global consciousness for mitigating climate change issues. This awareness is emphasized in the sustainable development goals contained in the seventh and 13th targets. The study investigates the nexus between energy and growth while considering the moderating role of employment and its interaction with energy consumption in G7 countries for the period of 1980–2018. To achieve this objective, a carbon-income function is fitted to ameliorate the problems related to omitted variable bias. Empirical results indicate that all outlined variables are cointegrated over the investigated period, as reported by the Kao cointegration test. The study further validates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the short-run. With emphasis on economic growth relative to environmental quality while in the long run, there is no statistical evidence in support of the EKC phenomenon. Furthermore, a 1% increase in energy consumption increases pollutant emission in the long run by 3.80%. Similarly, a positive elastic relationship is observed between trade and environmental degradation. This outcome is demonstrated in the causality results, which reveal a one-way causality running from trade to pollutant emission. These findings provide insights that can help policy formulations, including decoupling economic growth from pollutant emission and the need to adopt cleaner and eco-friendly technologies. 
The Moderating Role of Employment in an Environmental Kuznets Curve Framework Revisited in G7 Countries Bright Akwasi Gyamfi; Murad A. Bein; Ilhan Ozturk; Festus Victor Bekun
Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v4i2.283

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities have resulted in environmental concerns due to the global consciousness for mitigating climate change issues. This awareness is emphasized in the sustainable development goals contained in the seventh and 13th targets. The study investigates the nexus between energy and growth while considering the moderating role of employment and its interaction with energy consumption in G7 countries for the period of 1980-2018. To achieve this objective, a carbon-income function is fitted to ameliorate the problems related to omitted variable bias. Empirical results indicate that all outlined variables are cointegrated over the investigated period, as reported by the Kao cointegration test. The study further validates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the short-run. With emphasis on economic growth relative to environmental quality while in the long run, there is no statistical evidence in support of the EKC phenomenon. Furthermore, a 1% increase in energy consumption increases pollutant emission in the long run by 3.80%. Similarly, a positive elastic relationship is observed between trade and environmental degradation. This outcome is demonstrated in the causality results, which reveal a one-way causality running from trade to pollutant emission. These findings provide insights that can help policy formulations, including decoupling economic growth from pollutant emission and the need to adopt cleaner and eco-friendly technologies.
Causal Relationships Among Tourism, International Trade, Pollution, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Central Asian Countries Muhammad Azam; Bilal Ahmad; Ilhan Ozturk
Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v5i1.284

Abstract

This study investigates the cointegration and causality among environmental quality (CO2 emissions), international trade, economic growth, and tourism of five Central Asian Republic States (CARS-5), namely Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan, for 1992–2018. To this end, we employed the Johansen cointegration approach, modified Wald tests, and the Toda & Yamamoto (1995) approach. The empirical results showed that the variables were cointegrated in the long run, and the Granger causality test results revealed the existence of causality in the series. Furthermore, the empirical results validated both the export-led and the tourism-led growth hypotheses for Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. These findings suggest that the CARS-5 should develop appropriate and prudent public policies to stimulate sustainable economic development.