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All Journal Jurnal Sosioteknologi Kapata Arkeologi Berkala Arkeologi SANGKHAKALA Forum Arkeologi JURNAL WALENNAE Naditira Widya Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya KALPATARU Jurnal Panalungtik Kalpataru
Iwan Hermawan
Balai Arkeologi Jawa Barat
Arts Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Social Sciences

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PERSEBARAN BANGUNAN PERTAHANAN JEPANG DI TELUKBETUNG KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG Iwan Hermawan
Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala Vol 20 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (690.918 KB) | DOI: 10.24832/bas.v20i2.281

Abstract

Lampung is one of the strategic areas in Sumatera, because it is the gateway to the southern part of the island. The strategic position encouraged the Japanese to build defense structures (bunkers) in Telukbetung. The building of the defense structures was an anticipation effort to the Second World War. The problem in this article is the distribution of Japanese defense structures in Telukbetung, particularly the relation between the distribution of the Japanese defense structures and the strategy in dealing with the Second World War. The method being used is descriptive, and data collecting was carried out through bibliographical studies, survey, and interviews. Data analysis was done using the spatial approach. Based on their distribution, it seems like the defense structures in Telukbetung were built by taking into account the strategic locations and military strategy in anticipation to the Second World War.Lampung merupakan salah satu kawasan strategis di Sumatera, karena merupakan pintu gerbang pulau Sumatera di bagian selatan. posisi strategis tersebut mendorong Jepang untuk membangun bangunan pertahanan di Telukbetung. Pembangunan bangunan pertahanan tersebut dilakukan guna menghadapi Perang Dunia II. Permasalahan pada tulisan ini, adalah Persebaran Bangunan Pertahanan Jepang di Telukbetung, khususnya Hubungan antara persebaran bangunan pertahanan Jepang dengan strategi dalam menghadapi Perang Dunia II. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, survey, dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan keruangan. Berdasarkan persebarannya, bangunan pertahanan di Telukbetung dibangun dengan memperhatikan letak strategis dan strategi militer dalam menghadapi Perang Dunia II.
JALUR KERETA API PELABUHAN CIREBON: JEJAK ANGKUTAN KOMODITAS PERDAGANGAN PADA MASA KOLONIAL BELANDA 1897-1942 Iwan Hermawan
Forum Arkeologi VOLUME 34, NOMOR 1, APRIL 2021
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/fa.v34i1.685

Abstract

The high demand for various plantation commodities in the world market, especially sugar, encourages the construction and operation of railroad lines in the Cirebon region. The construction and operation of railroad lines in Cirebon are directed to facilitate commodity traffic to be sent through the Port of Cirebon. The problem raised in this paper is related to what archeological remains are markers of the existence of the Cirebon-Cirebon Port Railway. The method used to answer these problems is the descriptive analysis method. Data collection was carried out through literature study and field observations. Dutch colonial railroad relics on the track in the form of the railbed, signal pole structure, boundary stakes, bridge structure, level crossing pole structure, and rail rods that are still installed. The existence of the railroad remains is a proof of the activities of the train transportation mode to the Port of Cirebon. Tingginya permintaan berbagai komoditas perkebunan di pasaran dunia, terutama gula mendorong dibangun dan dioperasikannya jalur kereta api di wilayah Cirebon. Pembangunan dan pengoperasian jalur kereta api di Cirebon diarahkan untuk memperlancar lalu lintas komoditas yang akan dikirim melalui Pelabuhan Cirebon. Salah satu bagian dari jalur kereta api yang dibangun, adalah jalur Stasiun cirebon - Pelabuhan Cirebon. Permasalahan yang diangkat pada tulisan ini, adalah berkenaan dengan tinggalan arkeologi apa saja yang menjadi penanda keberadaan Jalur kereta api Cirebon - Pelabuhan Cirebon. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, adalah Metode deskriptif analisis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi Pustaka, dan pengamatan lapangan. Saat ini, Jalur kereta Cirebon - Pelabuhan merupakan jalur tidak aktif di wilayah Cirebon. Tinggalan perkeretaapian masa Kolonial belanda di jalur tersebut berupa railbed, struktur tiang sinyal, patok batas, patok KM, struktur jembatan, struktur tiang perlintasan sebidang, dan batang rel yang masih terpasang. Keberadaan tinggalan perkeretaapian tersebut merupakan bukti aktifitas moda angkutan kereta api menuju Pelabuhan Cirebon.
PERKERETAAPIAN MASA KOLONIAL BELANDA DI WILAYAH INDRAMAYU: PEMETAAN JALUR DAN BUKTI TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGIS Revi Mainaki; Iwan Hermawan
WalennaE Vol 17 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (396.222 KB) | DOI: 10.24832/wln.v17i2.388

Abstract

The development of railways in Indonesia is related to the exploration and exploitation of the Dutch Colonial Government. This mode of transportation is used for the transport of agricultural commodities so that a compilation of enforced planting politics is enforced. Indramayu is one of the areas on the island of North Java which is traversed by the construction of this route, so it has archaeological remains, everything related to trains or is called railways. This remains a fact and basis in colonial history. The difficulty of preserving the railroad relics in the Indramayu Region is difficult to find and approve. Through qualitative and exploratory methods, this study further discusses railways that have archaeological values on the track built by the Dutch colonial government, namely (1) the non-active Jatibarang - Indramayu railway line; (2) Jatibarang - Karangampel non-active train line; (3) Haurgeulis - Arjawinangun Lane which is an active route at this time. Data collected through literature studies, documentation studies, observations collected by interviews. The results showed some relics in this region which are found in several districts namely Jatibarang, Karangampel, Haurgeulis Districts and along the Jatibarang-Indramayu, Jatibarang-Karangampel and Jatibarang-Arjawinangun subdistricts. Also around the former station Kadokangabus Station, Terisi and Telagasari. Besides that, it was located in the center of Cimanuk economic activity during the colonial period. Perkembangan kereta api di Indonesia, terkait dengan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda. Mode transportasi ini digunakan untuk pengangkutan komoditas pertanian, sehingga menguat ketika diberlakukannya politik tanam paksa. Indramayu adalah salah satu wilayah di Utara Pulau Jawa yang dilalui oleh pembangunan jalur ini, sehingga memiliki tinggalan arkeologis, segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan kereta api atau disebut dengan perkretaapian. Tinggalan tersebut menjadi fakta dan dasar dalam mengidentifikasi sejarah masa kolonial. Kurangnya kesadaran pelestarian tinggalan perkretaapian di Wilayah Indramayu, membuatnya sulit dicari dan di identifikasi. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dan metode eksploratif, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tinggalan perkeretaapian yang memiliki nilai arkeologis di jalur yang dibangun pemerintah kolonial belanda yakni jalur (1) Jalur kereta api non aktif Jatibarang – Indramayu; (2) Jalur kereta api non aktif Jatibarang – Karangampel; (3) Jalur Haurgeulis – Arjawinangun yang merupakan jalur aktif saat ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur, studi dokumentasi, observasi yang diperkuat oleh wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beberapa peninggalan di wilayah ini yang terdapat di beberapa kecamatan yakni Kecamatan Jatibarang, Karangampel, Haurgeulis serta di sepanjang jalur penelusuran Jatibarang-Indramayu, Jatibarang-Karangampel dan Jatibarang-Arjawinangun. Juga di sekitar bekas stasiun Stasiun Kadokangabus, Terisi dan Telagasari. Selain itu terdapat tinggalan di pusat aktivitas ekonomi Cimanuk pada masa kolonial.
cover 1-1 2018 iwan hermawan
JURNAL PANALUNGTIK Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Vol. 1(1) 2018
Publisher : Kemendikbud

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24164/pnk.v1i1.7

Abstract

Lubang Tambang Batu Bara Bayah: Jejak Romusha di Banten Selatan Iwan Hermawan
Kapata Arkeologi Vol. 13 No. 2, November 2017
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Maluku

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/kapata.v13i2.435

Abstract

Romusha was a form of labor force mobilization during the Japanese occupation. They are employed to build military infrastructure and explore mining or digging foxholes. One of the center of romusha was Bayah in South Banten. Romusha were came from different parts of Java Island and employed in the Bayah Kozan coal mine. The coal mining system carried out in Bayah, is a closed mine. Mining is done by making a hole to reach ader (ore tree). The mining pits and coal mining activities were conducted with simple equipment under the pressure and torture of the Japanese soldiers who supervised romusha. This paper aims to uncover traces romusha in South Banten through the remains of Japan in the form of Coal Mine Hole. The writing method used is descriptive analysis. Data collection through the activities of literature studies, field surveys, and interviews. The suffering experienced by the romusha in Bayah reflected from the pits where coal mines are numerous in the region Gunungmadur Bayah.Romusha merupakan bentuk mobilisasi tenaga kerja pada masa Pendudukan Jepang. Mereka dipekerjakan untuk membangun sarana prasarana militer dan menggali bahan tambang atau lubang perlindungan. Salah satu daerah yang menjadi tempat pemusatan romusha adalah Bayah di Banten Selatan. Mereka berasal dari berbagai daerah di Pulau Jawa dan dipekerjakan di tambang batu bara Bayah Kozan. Sistem penambangan batu bara yang dilakukan di Bayah adalah tambang tertutup. Penambangan dilakukan dengan cara membuat lubang untuk mencapai ader, yaitu pohon bijih. Kegiatan penggalian lubang tambang dan penambangan batu bara dilakukan dengan peralatan sederhana di bawah tekanan dan siksaan tentara Jepang yang menjadi pengawas romusha. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap jejak romusha di Banten Selatan melalui tinggalan masa Jepang berupa lubang tambang batu bara. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis. Pengumpulan data melalui kegiatan studi pustaka, survei lapangan, dan wawancara. Penderitaan yang dialami oleh para romusha di Bayah tergambar dari keberadaan lubang-lubang tambang Batu bara yang banyak terdapat di kawasan Gunungmadur, Bayah.
PEMETAAN JALUR DAN TINGGALAN PERKERETAAPIAN MASA KOLONIAL BELANDA DI WILAYAH CIREBON TIMUR Iwan Hermawan; Revi Mainaki
Jurnal Sosioteknologi Vol. 18 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/sostek.itbj.2019.18.3.21

Abstract

Cirebon is one of the regions in West Java Province with a coastal landcape, its strategic location and fertile land makes Cirebon rich in agricultural resources. These conditions encouraged the Dutch Government to exploit and occupy in Cirebon. The relatively abundant exploitation of commodities has led to the establishment of efficient transportation facilities for transporting agricultural products. Railroad is an efficient transportation transportation technology that at that time developed, so railroad lines, stations and stops were built with all the facilities. The first development was the Semarang - Cirebon route with the tram class of 1897 and continued to experience development. Through a qualitative approach with a descriptive explorative research method this research seeks to map and identify railroad relics in the Cirebon Region, based on Geographic Information System technology (GIS) to obtain historical social information on the development of the Cirebon Region during the Dutch Colonial period. Data was collected through observation by tracing rail tracks so that railroad relics were found in the form of railroad tracks, stations and stops that were still functioning or those that were no longer active. The tracing data was strengthened with literature studies, literature studies and documentation studies and then analyzed with the Geographic Information System so that a map of the railroad distribution was obtained and described in written form. The results of the study found railroad relics in the form of former railroad tracks, former station buildings and former stops with various supporting facilities including the former buildings of Mundu Station, Warudurur, Kanci, Sindanglaut, Karangsuwung, Jatiseeng, Ciledug, Losari and Babakan. Then stop at Jatipiring, Cibogo, Waled, Luwunggajah, and Titik Simpang Bedilan. The remains are scattered along the former railroad tracks, both those that are still functioning and those that are no longer active.
Pengaruh Perkeretaapian Terhadap Perkembangan Struktur Tata Ruang Kota Cirebon Berdasarkan Tinggalan Arkeologis Iwan Hermawan; Octaviadi Abrianto; Revi Mainaki
KALPATARU Vol. 29 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/kpt.v29i2.653

Abstract

Abstract. Cirebon is a strategic city in the north of Java which, based on concentric theory, has a dynamic development process. This research used a qualitative approach and the descriptive method followed the pattern of inductive reasoning where data was collected through a) a literature study to documents from Indonesian National Archives (ANRI) and PT KAI Indonesia; b) field survey to observe the remains of the railroads; and c) interviews with the community leaders. Data were then analyzed spatially, using indicators from concentric theory, to see the effect of railroads on the development of the spatial structure of Cirebon. The result of the study reveals that the palace used to be the center of community activities during the kingdom reign, then shifted after the Dutch arrived and built the railroads. The center of the activities shifted to the ports, the stations, along the train stops, the plantation areas, the sugar factories, and the meeting points of the roads. The remains of the railroads today become a contextual proof of the development of the spatial structure of Cirebon which must be preserved as an archaeological value. Keywords: Train Heritage, Spatial Structure, Cirebon Abstrak. Cirebon merupakan kota yang strategis di bagian utara Pulau Jawa. Jika didasarkan pada teori konsentris, kota ini memiliki proses perkembangan dinamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, metode deskripstif mengikuti pola penalaran induktif. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur, yakni dokumen dari Arsip Nasional Indonesia dan PT KAI Indonesia; survei untuk melihat sisa tinggalan perkeretaapian dari studi literasi; dan wawancara kepada tokoh masyarakat. Data dianalisis secara spasial dengan indikator dari teori konsentris untuk melihat pengaruh perkeretaapian terhadap perkembangan struktur tata ruang Kota Cirebon. Hasil penelitian tinggalan arkeologis perkeretaapian menunjukan bahwa pada masa kerajaan, pusat aktivitas masyarakat berada di sekitar keraton, kemudian bergeser setelah Belanda datang dan membangun perkeretaapian. Pusat aktivitas bergeser ke pelabuhan, stasiun, sepanjang perhentian kereta api, kawasan perkebunan, pabrik gula dan titik pertemuan jalan. Kondisi tinggalan tersebut menjadi bukti kontekstual perkembangan struktur tata ruang Kota Cirebon yang harus dilestarikan sebagai peninggalan bernilai arkeologis. Kata kunci: Tinggalan Perkeretaapian, Struktur Tata Ruang, Cirebon
STASIUN-STASIUN SCS DI KOTA CIREBON: LOKASI DAN FUNGSINYA [SCS STATIONS IN CIREBON: THEIR LOCATIONS AND FUNCTIONS] Iwan Hermawan
Naditira Widya Vol 14 No 1 (2020): NADITIRA WIDYA VOLUME 14 NOMOR 1 APRIL 2020
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/nw.v14i1.416

Abstract

Cirebon merupakan batas barat dari konsesi yang diperoleh Semarang Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij (SCS) dalam membangun dan mengoperasikan kereta api kelas tiga atau trem, sedangkan batas timurnya adalah kota Semarang. Permasalahan yang diangkat pada tulisan ini adalah bagaimana keterkaitan antara penempatan Stasiun SCS di kota Cirebon dengan fungsinya sebagai stasiun akhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami keterkaitan antara lokasi dan fungsi Stasiun SCS sebagai stasiun akhir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis, dengan pendekatan keruangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dan arsip, serta pengamatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penempatan Stasiun Kereta Api SCS di Kota Cirebon terintegrasi dengan keberadaan pelabuhan. Kondisi ini menunjukkan lebih jauh bahwa penempatan Stasiun SCS di Kota Cirebon dipengaruhi oleh aspek ekonomi yang menjadi tujuan pembangunan jalur-jalur kereta api oleh SCS. Cirebon is the western boundary of the concession obtained by the Semarang Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij (SCS) in constructing and operating a third-class train or tram, whereas the eastern border is Semarang. The issue of this research concerned with the connection between the placement and function of SCS Stations in Cirebon as final stations. The research aimed to comprehend the connection between the location and function of SCS Stations as final stations. The research method used was descriptive analysis with a spatial approach. Data collection was carried out by literature and archive study, and field observations. Research results indicate that the placement of the SCS Train Stations in Cirebon was integrated with the existence of a harbor. Such condition suggest further that the placement of SCS stations in Cirebon was influenced by economic aspects which were the objectives of the development of railroad lines by SCS.
KERETA API SCS: ANGKUTAN GULA DI CIREBON IWAN HERMAWAN
Patanjala: Journal of Historical and Cultural Research Vol 12, No 2 (2020): PATANJALA VOL. 12 NO. 2 Oktober 2020
Publisher : Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30959/patanjala.v12i2.643

Abstract

Gula merupakan salah satu komoditas perdagangan penting pada masa kolonial Belanda. Hasil yang berlimpah tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan angkutan barang. Minimnya volume angkut dan lamanya waktu tempuh merupakan permasalahan yang dihadapi pengusaha gula. Pengembangan moda transportasi kereta api menjadi jawaban atas permasalahan tersebut. Daya angkut besar dengan waktu tempuh yang lebih cepat menjadi kelebihannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguraikan peranan kereta api dalam pengangkutan gula ke pelabuhan di Karesidenan Cirebon. Metode yang dipergunakan, deskriptif analisis. Data dikumpulkan melalui kegiatan studi pustaka dan pengamatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, jalur kereta api di Karesidenan Cirebon  merupakan bagian dari jalur Semarang – Cirebon yang dibangun oleh NV. SCS. Tinggalan perkeretaapian di jalur tersebut menunjukkan terdapat persimpangan ke pabrik gula dari stasiun terdekat. Kesimpulan, pembangunan perkeretaapian di Cirebon pada awalnya ditujukan sebagai angkutan komoditas gula.    Sugar was one of the important trade commodities during the Dutch occupation. The abundant production of sugar disproportionated to the availability of freight transportation. Its consequences, the sugar company was hampered by both the low volumes and and the slow journey time of transported goods. As a result, the development of modes of transport was the solution needed. It would provide the solution based on the maximum payload and highest average speeds. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of railways in transporting sugar industry to the port in the Cirebon Residency. The research method used in the study is descriptive analysis. Research data were derived from library study, and field observations. The results of the study have shown that the railway line in Cirebon Residency was actually a part of the Semarang - Cirebon railway line built by NV. SCS. The disused railroad indicate clearly that there was an intersection to the sugar company from the nearest train station. It concluded that the railway construction in Cirebon was initially intended as the sugar transportation.  
PENGARUH PERKERETAAPIAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN STRUKTUR TATA RUANG KOTA CIREBON BERDASARKAN TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGIS Iwan Hermawan; Octaviadi Abrianto; Revi Mainaki
KALPATARU Vol. 29 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Cirebon is a strategic city in the north of Java which, based on concentric theory, has a dynamic development process. This research used a qualitative approach and the descriptive method followed the pattern of inductive reasoning where data was collected through a) a literature study to documents from Indonesian National Archives (ANRI) and PT KAI Indonesia; b) field survey to observe the remains of the railroads; and c) interviews with the community leaders. Data were then analyzed spatially, using indicators from concentric theory, to see the effect of railroads on the development of the spatial structure of Cirebon. The result of the study reveals that the palace used to be the center of community activities during the kingdom reign, then shifted after the Dutch arrived and built the railroads. The center of the activities shifted to the ports, the stations, along the train stops, the plantation areas, the sugar factories, and the meeting points of the roads. The remains of the railroads today become a contextual proof of the development of the spatial structure of Cirebon which must be preserved as an archaeological value. Cirebon merupakan kota yang strategis di bagian utara Pulau Jawa. Jika didasarkan pada teori konsentris, kota ini memiliki proses perkembangan dinamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, metode deskripstif mengikuti pola penalaran induktif. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur, yakni dokumen dari Arsip Nasional Indonesia dan PT KAI Indonesia; survei untuk melihat sisa tinggalan perkeretaapian dari studi literasi; dan wawancara kepada tokoh masyarakat. Data dianalisis secara spasial dengan indikator dari teori konsentris untuk melihat pengaruh perkeretaapian terhadap perkembangan struktur tata ruang Kota Cirebon. Hasil penelitian tinggalan arkeologis perkeretaapian menunjukan bahwa pada masa kerajaan, pusat aktivitas masyarakat berada di sekitar keraton, kemudian bergeser setelah Belanda datang dan membangun perkeretaapian. Pusat aktivitas bergeser ke pelabuhan, stasiun, sepanjang perhentian kereta api, kawasan perkebunan, pabrik gula dan titik pertemuan jalan. Kondisi tinggalan tersebut menjadi bukti kontekstual perkembangan struktur tata ruang Kota Cirebon yang harus dilestarikan sebagai peninggalan bernilai arkeologis.
Co-Authors Mainaki, Revi Octaviadi Abrianto