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DARI OTORITARIANISME KE DEMOKRASI: BAGAIMANA MENDORONG NEGARA MENUJU KESTABILAN DAN KETERBUKAAN? Mohamad Rosyidin
Jurnal Penelitian Politik Vol 10, No 1 (2013): Partai Politik dalam Timbangan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Politik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jpp.v10i1.224

Demokratisasi menjadi fenomena penting dalam politik dunia sejak berakhirnya Perang Dingin. Pendapatyang berkembang mengatakan bahwa demokratisasi tidak hanya menjamin hak-hak sipil, tetapi juga menunjangkeamanan dan perdamaian internasional. Masalahnya, banyak negara di dunia yang masih mengadopsi sistemotoritarianisme yang tidak menjamin hak-hak sipil meskipun politik di negara-negara tersebut relatif tidak adagejolak. Walaupun demikian, sistem politik yang ideal adalah sistem politik yang stabil sekaligus terbuka. Artikelini meyoroti teori ‘Kurva J’ yang menawarkan penjelasan tentang dinamika politik suatu negara dan menyediakanrekomendasi kebijakan kepada negara besar untuk mendorong demokratisasi di negara otoriter. Strategi mendorongperubahan politik menuju demokrasi adalah dengan memperkuat pelembagaan politik. Pelembagaan politik sangatpenting agar terhindar dari jebakan ketidakstabilan selama menempuh proses demokratisasi. Artikel ini berpendapatbahwa teori ‘Kurva J’ sangat mendukung agenda politik luar negeri Amerika. Teori ‘Kurva J’ menyarankan supaya Amerika lebih mengedepankan cara-cara pelembagaan politik ketimbang intervensi militer dalam mengakhiri otoritarianisme. Keterlibatan Amerika dalam proses demokratisasi di Indonesia mencerminkan penerapan teori ‘Kurva J’.Kata kunci; teori ‘Kurva J’, otoritarianisme, demokratisasi, pelembagaan politik

MEMBANGUN KOMUNITAS YANG KREDIBEL: KOMITMEN TERHADAP INSTITUSI SEBAGAI PRASYARAT MENUJU KOMUNITAS KEAMANAN ASEAN 2015 Mohamad Rosyidin
Jurnal Universitas Paramadina Vol 10 No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Paramadina

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (104.477 KB)

AbstractASEAN is not ready to be a “security community” in the region despite itsclaim as a “pluralistic security community”. ASEAN dispute settlementmechanism such as the TAC, the ARF, and the ASEAN High Council havelost its legitimacy because there has been less political will from ASEANmember states to use them. While there is reluctance, ASEAN have creatednew form of institution called AIPR. Instead of using any of thoseinstitutions, ASEAN relied on external power such as UNSC, ICJ, and OIC.Traditional dispute settlement which emphasizes on bilateral mechanismrather than multilateral one has also weakened existing frameworks theyhave. The aim of this article is to describe the institutional problemsembedded in the creation of ASEAN Security Community. Usingconstructivism in International Relations, this article emphasizes on normsand identity relation. This article claims that in order to shape collectiveidentity, ASEAN member states should build mutual trust by returning totheir genuine institutions of conflict resolution. Because the management ofinternal disputes settlement among member states is the core of securitycommunity idea, their commitment to institutions mentioned above willdetermine whether or not ASEAN is ready to be a security community. Ifthey failed to conform norms, they would have no capacity to build a sense ofcommunity. If they have no sense of community, they would have nocommunity at all.

Regionalism under Challenge: Ideas and Joko Widodo’s Foreign Policy towards ASEAN, 2014-2019 Mohamad Rosyidin; Shary Charlotte H. Pattipeilohy
JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): Journal of ASEAN Studies
Publisher : Centre for Business and Diplomatic Studies (CBDS) Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/jas.v8i2.6596

Indonesia’s foreign policy under Joko Widodo ‘Jokowi’ has significantly shifted compared with his predecessor’s era, especially regarding policies on regionalism. While former President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono emphasises multilateralism with a particular focus on ASEAN, Jokowi’s administration tends to overlook ASEAN as a multilateral organization. The research investigates the causal root of the tendency by using the concept of ideas in foreign policy. The results argue that the diminished role of Indonesia in ASEAN, especially during the first term of Jokowi’s presidency, is strongly influenced by causal beliefs held by Indonesian political elites and presidential advisors. Despite varying from one individual to another, these ideas have similar characteristics in proposing that Indonesia should expand its concentric circle beyond ASEAN, arguing that ASEAN is intrinsically weak and thus can no longer accommodate Indonesian aspirations. This idea acts as a road map that defines Indonesia’s national interests amid international politics dynamics in the 21st century.

Does ASEAN Matter? A Book Review Mohamad Rosyidin
Indonesian Perspective Vol 4, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2019), hlm. 1-99
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

There have been abundant scholarly arguments regarding ASEAN and its role in managing interstate relations in Southeast Asia and beyond. This book offers a different perspective based on experience of former Indonesia’s foreign minister. There is no theoretical framework employed by the author to frame his arguments. His arguments are expressed narratively supported by rich empirical data gathered mostly through first-hand or primary sources.

Konﬂik Internasional Abad ke-21? Benturan Antarnegara Demokrasi dan Masa Depan Politik Dunia Mohamad Rosyidin
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 18, No 3 (2015): Maret
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

'The clash of civilizations' of Samuel Huntington and 'the end of history' of Francis Fukuyama are two grand theories that have been widely accepted as the most dominant narratives in post-Cold War international relations. Unfortunately, there have been little theoretical developments in today's world to predict the future of international conflict. The theory assumed that the furture international conflict will not occur between democracies and non-democracies as Democratic Peace Theory proposed, but between established democracies and emerging democracies. The established democracies reluctant to share their power with the emerging democracies on how to manage global order. This reluctancy will lead to political frictions and conflicts among them. In spite of its theoretical breakthrough, this theory suffers of logical inconsistency since it does not distinguish between emerging democracies and emerging powers. Instead of conflict among democracies, this article argues that international conflict in the 21st century will be dominated by asimetrical conflict between nation-states and radical movements, conflict due to information openess, and conflict over natural resources.

Mengapa tidak berperang? Norma Politik Luar Negeri Cina dan Konflik Laut Cina Selatan Mohamad Rosyidin
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) ANDALAS JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES (AJIS) VOL 1 NO 2
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Andalas

South China Sea conflict is one of the most destabilizing factors in Southeast Asia. Despite it has occured for long time period, there has not been major wars among occupants. This puzzle challenges realist particularly ofense-defense theory stating that when perception of victory is greater than defeat, it will lead to war. China’s military capability is far greater than any contry in the region. Yet, China does not intent to attack others. Assumption that China is an offensive and hegemonic nation is not in accordance with reality. Material-based explanation cannot account for China’s foreign policy. This article seeks to explain why South China Sea conflict does not lead to war between occupants. Using constructivism in international relations, this article argues that China’s domestic norms of national security plays great role which constitute its foreign policy character. Norms of cooperative security or hezuo anquan which is rooted from Confucian culture emphasize on harmony and cooperation that generate self-restraint diplomacy. As a result, China would not employ its military power to solve South China Sea conflict. This article concludes that norms held by country constitute its interest and in turn guide state’s policy.

INDONESIA'S COMMITMENT TO THE UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS IN CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVE: CASE STUDY OF ROADMAP VISION 4,000 PEACEKEEPERS 2015-2019 POLICY Ilham Pradana Murwanto; Mohamad Rosyidin; Rr. Hermini Susiatiningsih; Satwika Paramasatya
Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 6, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : The Republic of Indonesia Defense University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jp.v6i3.869

Roadmap Vision 4,000 Peacekeepers 2015-2019 is Indonesia's foreign policy in the era of President Joko Widodo's administration related to Indonesia's participation in the UN PKO (United Nations Peacekeeping Operations). This policy is aimed at placing 4,000 active Garuda Contingent troops at the end of 2019. Roadmap Vision 4,000 Peacekeepers contains a strategic reference for the Indonesian government from 2015 to 2019 to reach the target of 4,000 troops. This study focuses on analyzing this policy using constructivist perspective with the concept of role identity, to explain why Indonesia behaves in that perspective. The purpose of this study is to enrich the perspective of Indonesia's foreign policy related to participation in UN PKO, especially in the era of the President Joko Widodo using the non-material aspects of constructivist. This study uses a research methodology in the form of literature studies and interviews with related practitioners, while data analysis used is congruent methods to match the theories used with case studies. This study was done to see how the identity of Indonesia's role as a peacemaker state was realized through the Roadmap Vision 4,000 Peacekeepers. The results of this study prove that the role of Indonesian peacemaker will always reflect that role in every era of government because it has become a constitutional mandate in the 1945 State Constitution

Does ASEAN Matter? A Book Review Mohamad Rosyidin
Indonesian Perspective Vol 4, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2019), hlm. 1-99
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

There have been abundant scholarly arguments regarding ASEAN and its role in managing interstate relations in Southeast Asia and beyond. This book offers a different perspective based on experience of former Indonesia’s foreign minister. There is no theoretical framework employed by the author to frame his arguments. His arguments are expressed narratively supported by rich empirical data gathered mostly through first-hand or primary sources.

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