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Drug Abuse and the Nigerian Youth Enamhe Dorn Cklaimz; Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Volume 8, Nomor 1, January-June 2020
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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The incidence of drug abuse has become a problem that affects every country across the globe. The intake of substances affects both the physical and mental health of the users and the general public. Many people suffer from various health impairments such as hepatitis, heart attacks, respiratory infections, cancer, and neurological problems that lead to incapacitation and even death. The same thing applies to mental health issues like schizophrenia, anxiety, neuroses, psychoses, depression, and other mental illnesses. These problems have occurred due to the frequent intake of illicit drugs such as opioids and prescription over-the-counter drugs. The available literature reviewed shows the prevalence of drug abuse in the global sphere and Nigeria in particular. The study also shows how the problems become out of control as a result of either corruption among the security agents, drug trafficking and smuggling, or the amount of money involved in the business, which makes the drug barons devise many ways of accessing the drugs whenever the law enforcement agencies try to stop them. The present study investigates the effects of substance abuse on the health of users in Nigeria; the health consequences; the recent trend of substance abuse among youth; and the measures taken by the government to stop the menace. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilised to collect data through textbooks, journals, internet sources, government and non-governmental agencies' reports, newspapers, and periodicals..

Ecotourism: A Mechanism for Sustainable Tourism Development Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba; Dorn Ckiaimz Enamhe
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2023
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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An increasing number of studies around the world have stressed that "ecotourism’ is an appropriate form of tourism development that meets several indicators of sustainable tourism development. In order to analyse the aptness of ecotourism, which brings a balance between tourism and sustainable tourism development, an attempt is made to answer the following research question through this work: Does ecotourism, an ideal form of tourism development, satisfy sustainable tourism indicator areas? The research question is answered through comparative case studies. Furthermore, in order to understand to what extent or degree the ecotourism attributes agree with the sustainable tourism indicators, a total of 10 case studies were chosen for this purpose. Some random papers were selected between 2003 and 2015, which made up the case studies from different geographical region of the world. Thus, this paper made use of the method of textual analysis to carry out this research. The results of the case studies indicate that ecotourism meets the sustainable tourism indicators. The three areas used to ascertain the foregoing are: (1) sustainable tourism indicator areas; (2) ecotourism attributes; and (3) ecotourism case studies.

Ecotourism and Community Participation Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba; Cklaimz Dorn Enamhe
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 11, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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The term ecotourism generally refers to environmentally responsible or sustainable tourism. The extent of care and attention a homeowner puts into their house should be applied to ecotourism. Low-impact visitor behaviour, understanding and gratitude for local cultures and biodiversity, support for ecotourism conservation efforts, sustainable benefits to local communities, visitor participation in decision-making, and educational components for both the visitor and the ecotourism visitor are all characteristics of ecotourism. Ecotourism can also supplement maintenance and protection costs for protected areas and other natural areas. Ecotourism can also provide a sustainable economic development alternative for local communities with limited livelihood options. For rural people, ecotourism generates new sources of income and livelihood. This allows impoverished rural residents to expand their livelihoods and creates economic incentives to preserve natural resources. However, the extent to which these people benefit from ecotourism is contingent upon their participation in and control over the tourism industry. Ecotourism and community participation are the study's essence. This paper contends that community integration necessitates skill development and capacity building through the training of village adolescents in tourism business skills. These adolescents can establish a village-level institution to operate the ecotourism enterprise for rural community capacity building, infrastructure development, and profit sharing. Additionally, this institution would contribute to the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity. At the conclusion of the study, a structure for operationalizing community-based ecotourism management was proposed.

Balancing Act: The Role of Community Based Governance and Pro Conservation Policies in Mitigating Threats to Ecotourism Sites in Cross River State, Nigeria Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 3 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i3.77674

Ecotourism in Cross River State, Nigeria, holds significant potential for economic development, biodiversity conservation, and community empowerment. However, this potential is seriously threatened by deforestation, illegal logging, poaching, farmland encroachment, and weak enforcement of conservation laws. This study examines the role of community based governance and pro conservation policies in mitigating these threats to ecotourism sites, focusing on the Cross River National Park and the Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary. Using a mixed methods approach that includes key informant interviews with park officials, community leaders, and ecotourism operators, as well as analysis of policy documents and enforcement records, the study finds that while Nigeria has a robust legal framework for conservation, including the National Park Service Act of 1999 and the Cross River State Forestry Commission Law of 2010, enforcement remains critically weak. Fines for illegal logging, for example, are as low as ₦200,000 per truck, which fails to deter commercial loggers. The study also finds that community based governance models, such as the proposed Community Tourism Association and existing joint forest management agreements, have shown promise in reducing encroachment and improving local stewardship, but they suffer from inadequate funding, weak institutional capacity, and lack of trust between communities and government agencies. The study concludes that effective mitigation of threats to ecotourism sites requires a balanced approach that combines stricter enforcement of pro conservation policies with genuine empowerment of local communities through benefit sharing arrangements, capacity building, and participatory governance structures. Recommendations include upward revision of fines for environmental crimes, establishment of community wildlife ranger programs, and formalization of community tourism agreements.

Beyond Oil: Leveraging Community-Based Eco-Tourism for Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i2.46258

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, long synonymous with petroleum extraction and environmental degradation, possesses vast untapped potential for eco-tourism, centered on its unique mangrove ecosystems, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage. This paper argues that a strategically developed, community-based eco-tourism model can serve as a catalyst for sustainable development, providing an alternative livelihood to mitigate poverty and reduce dependence on extractive industries. Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating stakeholder interviews, geographic surveys, and case study analysis, the research assesses the current state of eco-tourism initiatives in the region, identifies key ecological and cultural assets, and examines the major barriers to development including infrastructure deficits, security concerns, and lack of local capacity. The study concludes by proposing a integrative framework for eco-tourism development that prioritizes community ownership, ecological preservation, and pro-poor economic benefits, thereby contributing to the broader goals of environmental restoration and social stability in the Niger Delta

Governance and Power Dynamics in Eco-Tourism: Assessing the Co-Management Model in Nigeria's Cross River National Park Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i1.70087

Eco-tourism in protected areas is increasingly promoted as a model for conservation and community development in Nigeria. However, its success is contingent not on the presence of biodiversity alone, but on the governance structures that manage access, benefits, and trade-offs. This research critically examines the co-management framework of Cross River National Park (CRNP), one of Nigeria's most biodiverse and internationally significant protected areas. It investigates the complex interplay between the state (National Park Service), international conservation NGOs, private tourism operators, and the numerous forest-dependent communities residing in and around the park. Using a qualitative political ecology approach, the study analyzes formal agreements, policy documents, and, crucially, the lived experiences and perceptions of local communities. It seeks to uncover whether the current co-management model facilitates genuine power-sharing and equitable benefit distribution or merely perpetuates existing hierarchies under a new, "green" guise. The findings aim to contribute a nuanced understanding of institutional arrangements necessary for sustainable and just eco-tourism, offering concrete recommendations for reforming participatory governance in Nigeria's protected area network.

Indigenous Food Yam Cultivation and Livelihood Practices in Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Community-Based Food Tourism Education 126 Maxwell-Borjor Achuk Eba
Indonesian Journal of Educational Studies Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Educational Studies
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/ijes.v28i2.86208

This study examines indigenous yam cultivation practices in the Obudu community of Cross River State, Nigeria, and their implications for community-based food tourism education. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study finds that over 90% of farmers depend on indigenous knowledge for seasonal adjustment, storage, and fertility enhancement. Nearly 70% of yam producers are aged 60 years and above, and farmers respond to weak public support through informal networking and local associations. Yam cultivation is deeply embedded in socio-cultural beliefs and rituals, shaping livelihood networks and community resilience. The study argues that these indigenous practices represent an underutilized resource for community-based food tourism education. Integrating indigenous knowledge into educational programming can promote cultural preservation, economic empowerment, and sustainable agricultural development. The findings have implications for tourism policy, agricultural extension, and community development in Cross River State and similar contexts. Keywords: indigenous knowledge, yam cultivation, community-based tourism, food tourism education, Cross River State.

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