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Rekayasa Bahasa dan Konstruksi Politik “Persatuan-Kesatuan” dalam Wacana “Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia” Agus Suwignyo
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.48974

The formation of the Indonesian nation-state is inseparable from linguistic engineering. This includes phrases that transformed their lexical meaning to become a binding political concession produced by Indonesian political leaders in the 1940s and 1950s. The official name of the Indonesian state “The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia” is the result of this political concession in the statecraft of Indonesia. This article aims to examine the meanings of the “unity and unitary” phrases in the imagined form of Indonesian nation-state. Why was “unity and unitary” an effective political tool for the shaping of the imagination of “Indonesia”? Linguists and historians would these choices of words as a reflection of the power of language in the creation of facts. Language can transform a lexical fact into a material one. It is therefore essential to understand how did the phrase “unity and unitary” transform from a lexical to a political meaning in the context of Indonesian history? This article is based on literary analyses of official relevant documents, including the assembly proceeding of the Council for the Investigation of the Preparation for Indonesian Independence (Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, BPUPKI) of August 1945, and the so-called Principal Guidelines for State Development (Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara, GBHN) of the New Order. It argues that the “unity and unitary” phrase represents a negotiation of diverse political elements which then shaped the crafting of Indonesian nation-state. The changes in the contexts in which the phrase was used show a changing association between the lexical and ideological meanings of the phrase. While these changes worked towards institutionalizing the Indonesian state, this article concludes that they also submerged the people’s discontents. The phrase “unity and unitary” reflected the making of people’s uniformity to a large extent.

Praktik Kewargaan Sehari-hari Sebagai Ketahanan Sosial Masyarakat Tahun 1950an: Sebuah Tinjauan Sejarah Agus Suwignyo; Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri
Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional Vol 24, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRACKThis paper analyzed the people’s practices of citizenship in Central Java during the 1950s using the conceptual frame of social risilience. The notion of risilience had so far been studied in terms of security, food and energy supplies, and social nets on natural disaster risk reduction. Meanwhile, the period of the 1950s in Indonesian history had attracted many studies to focused on political aspects, such as parliamentary system of governance, regionalism and the dreath of economic crises leading to a change in political regimes. During the 1950s the newly independent state of Indonesia had to struggle for physical, political and social infrastructures, partly as the post-Second World War recovery project.This paper showed that, regardless of the difficult situation and limited financial sources, the Indonesian people during the 1950s proved themselves to be risilient. They took an active part in the daily communal life activities. By using historical method in analysing several newspapers of the 1950s, this paper argued that the people’s participation in philantropy programs, social organizations and solidarity movements, significantly formed a strong social tie in the presence of the weak Indonesian State. The people showed a type of citizenship through which a quality of social risilience was performed and contested. However, it was hard to identified the institutional pattern in these practices of citizenship.ABSTRAK Artikel ini mengkaji praktik kewargaan sehari-hari masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa, tahun 1950an dalam bingkai ketahanan sosial. Selama ini konsep ketahanan telah dipahami dalam konteks keamanan, ketersediaan pangan dan keberlanjutan energi, dan jaring sosial menghadapi darurat bencana alam. Di sisi lain, kajian tentang periode 1950an dalam sejarah Indonesia terfokus pada aspek politik menyangkut percobaan sistem pemerintahan, isu-isu regionalisme dan krisis ekonomi yang berujung pada pergantian rejim kekuasaan.Artikel ini bermaksud menunjukkan bahwa pada periode 1950an itu, praktik kewargaan sehari-hari masyarakat menunjukkan pola yang jika dibaca dalam konsep kontemporer merupakan bentuk ketahanan sosial masyarakat. Periode 1950an merupakan masa-masa awal kemederdekaan Indonesia dengan kondisi pasca perang yang membutuhkan pembangunan infrastruktur di berbagai bidang. Meskipun demikian, dalam kondisi struktur negara yang masih lemah itu masyarakat membuktikan kemampuan bertahan dan berpartisipasi dalam aneka dimensi kehidupan sehari-hari secara kolektif. Dengan metode sejarah untuk membaca berbagai berita surat kabar tahun 1950an sebagai sumber data primer, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa praktik kewargaan sehari-hari dalam bentuk program-program filantropis, perkumpulan sosial dan aksi gerakan sosial merupakan penanda ketahanan kolektif masyarakat dalam menghadapi keadaan tak menentu akibat lemahnya negara ketika itu. Meskipun demikian, praktik kewargaan tersebut cenderung tidak memiliki struktur institusional yang baku.

Bahasa sebagai Jejaring Budaya Asia Tenggara Agus Suwignyo
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 6, No 2 (2021): Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, dan Strategi Pertahanan
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v6i2.41438

The connection of Southeast Asian region was a result of migration and trade. While this holds true according to the mainstream studies, there has been a growing scholarly attention paid to the role of languages. Languages significantly shaped the roots of cultural identity of the region. The aim of this paper is to examine languages as an objective factor in the construction of Southeast Asian cultural connection. This paper argues that the linguistic roots of Southeast Asia created shared elements of cultural identities by which Southeast Asian nations had developed. In the nineteenth and twentieth century, the shared elements moved into different trajectories of identities especially as they were fostered by the formation of colonial and post-colonial states. Although today the nations of Southeast Asia speak of their own “national language”, the same language elements remain to exist. This shows a strong sense of shared elements on which the cultural network of Southeast Asian region was based.

A Tsunami-Related Life History of Survivors in Banda Aceh, Indonesia and Sendai, Japan Agus Suwignyo
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 23, No 2 (2019): November
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsp.49876

In tsunami risk-reduction programs the survivors’ life history provides first-hand information about how they responded during and after a catastrophe. However, knowledge of tsunami-related experiences is not always systematically managed and institutionally communicated across generations. Some risk reduction programs lack of informed knowledge of tsunami-related experiences and consequently tend to be insensitive towards survivors’ life history. The aim of this paper is to examine how tsunami survivors constructed their tsunami-related knowledge and collective memories, taking the cases of Banda Aceh, Indonesia after the 2004 tsunami and Sendai, Japan after the 2011 tsunami. This paper, in particular, seeks to explore how the survivors’ experience helped to institutionalize their tsunami-related knowledge in a transferrable risk-reduction consciousness. Using first-hand interviews as well as interview recordings which were accessible online, this paper argues that in both cases of tsunami survivor cohorts, knowledge of tsunami-related experience was constructed through survival strategies and recovery processes in the aftermath of the events. Knowledge of survival strategies was constructed over time; and the longer period from the time of event, the more tacit the knowledge was. The process of knowledge construction was systematic in the Sendai case but was vernacular in the Banda Aceh case. However, in both cases the need for more engaged institutional communication between the government agencies and the people was evident.

Introduction Farabi Fakih; Agus Suwignyo; Sebastian Broere; Lisa Kuitert; Eline Sophie Kortekaas; Remco Raben
Lembaran Sejarah Vol 17, No 1 (2021): Special Edition: Indonesian Knowledge Decolonization
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.69964

A Vast Expansion, Yet a Sorry Infrastructure: A Paradox of the Decolonization of Indonesian Education, c. 1950s Agus Suwignyo
Lembaran Sejarah Vol 17, No 1 (2021): Special Edition: Indonesian Knowledge Decolonization
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.69968

The multitude of infrastructural problems in the Indonesian educational sector which had to be dealt with during the 1950s was counterpointed by the sector’s massive expansion. The aim of this paper is to explore this paradox in the framework of Indonesian decolonization. The government policy was to greatly expand education at all levels because it believed education was a gateway to “fulfilling independence (mengisi kemerdekaan)”. This paper argues that this expansion was a strategy of decolonization by which the education legacy of the colonial past was to be delegitimized. However, severe budgetary limitations, and a lack of infrastruture and facilities forced the government to continue its dependence on the inherited colonial education facilities and on foreign aid, hence made the strategy of decolonization unrealized in this process of expansion.

Identifkasi dan Inventarisasi Permasalahan Pelestarian Situs Makam Megalitikum di Distrik Mulyosari, Kecamatan Malangsari, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur Uji Nugroho Winardi; Agus Suwignyo; Baha’Uddin Baha’Uddin; Sri Margana
Bakti Budaya: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences

Te existence of ancient grave sites in Banyuwangi save the potential of historical data to uncover the origins of Javanese civilization. However, the sites have been damaged by the activity of looting graves in the last ffteen years. Tis Community Engagement Activity aims to identify socio-economic issues and the substance of the object of the site study to stop looting and raise the potential of ancient tombs academically and politically concerning historical heritage management policies, as well as ocioeconomically for the local community. Community Engagement Activities was conducted in November 2015. Te team found that the looting of grave sites by residents was motivated by economic problems. Nevertheless, the problem network is rooted in the political aspect of the absence of a policy that places the ancient site’s grave as an area of cultural heritage. Tis issue is closely related to the low level of awareness of government and citizens. In addition, there are complex issues concerning the ownership and management of the land area of the grave site, which is a coﬀee plantation.

Kita Dan Dunia Kontemporer (Atau Mengapa Sejarawan Harus Menyesuaikan Cara Kerjanya Dengan Tuntutan Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Digital) Agus Suwignyo
SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities Vol 2, No 2 (2018): MEI
Publisher : Unit Penelitian dan Publikasi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/sasdayajournal.36450

In the last 15 years, the interest of Indonesian people in the history and study of history has increased very rapidly. This is indicated by the number and various type of historical books sold in bookstores and the posting of different historical events on social media. However, the history taught at school and university lecture does not seem to improve. The efforts of writing and teaching history lessons/courses still focus on models and the results of the formal study which tend to be a state-centric in nature. In particular, historical writing and teaching have faced challenges of the emerging changes caused by the global connectivity of information technology as a historical fact of the contemporary world that is growing. The contemporary world presents a new challenge in the study and teaching of history through the development of digital communications technology. This paper reviews historical positions and historians in the rapid dynamics of the development of digital communications technology. Why and how historians should develop a proper perspective in placing their studies in the current era of digital technology? Papers process data using digital technology and contrast it with the model and approach of historical study in Indonesia so far.

Rekayasa Bahasa dan Konstruksi Politik “Persatuan-Kesatuan” dalam Wacana “Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia” Agus Suwignyo
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.48974

The formation of the Indonesian nation-state is inseparable from linguistic engineering. This includes phrases that transformed their lexical meaning to become a binding political concession produced by Indonesian political leaders in the 1940s and 1950s. The official name of the Indonesian state “The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia” is the result of this political concession in the statecraft of Indonesia. This article aims to examine the meanings of the “unity and unitary” phrases in the imagined form of Indonesian nation-state. Why was “unity and unitary” an effective political tool for the shaping of the imagination of “Indonesia”? Linguists and historians would these choices of words as a reflection of the power of language in the creation of facts. Language can transform a lexical fact into a material one. It is therefore essential to understand how did the phrase “unity and unitary” transform from a lexical to a political meaning in the context of Indonesian history? This article is based on literary analyses of official relevant documents, including the assembly proceeding of the Council for the Investigation of the Preparation for Indonesian Independence (Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, BPUPKI) of August 1945, and the so-called Principal Guidelines for State Development (Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara, GBHN) of the New Order. It argues that the “unity and unitary” phrase represents a negotiation of diverse political elements which then shaped the crafting of Indonesian nation-state. The changes in the contexts in which the phrase was used show a changing association between the lexical and ideological meanings of the phrase. While these changes worked towards institutionalizing the Indonesian state, this article concludes that they also submerged the people’s discontents. The phrase “unity and unitary” reflected the making of people’s uniformity to a large extent.

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