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All Journal Journal of Politic and Government Studies MUHARRIK: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN SOSIAL
Tunggul Ganggas Danisworo
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Dinamika Gerakan Etnonasionalisme Kurdi Irak (Studi Kajian Periode 1979-2012) Tunggul Ganggas Danisworo; Tri Cahyo Utomo; Puji Astuti
Journal of Politic and Government Studies Volume 2 Nomor 3 Tahun 2013
Publisher : Journal of Politic and Government Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The Kurds are one of the ethnic groups living in several countries in the Middle East,they have goals and ambitions of creating an independent Kurdish state and sovereignity. Butafter the first world war ended, they had to live apart due to the Kurdistan region is divided intoseveral sovereign countries (Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey) by the United Nations. Kurds in Iraqin the Kurdish history is the most aggressive in expressing their aspirations than the Kurds inother countries. They created an ethnic nationalist movement used in order to demand thefreedom of Kurdish aspirations. Started in 1919, Mahmud Barzanji declare the Kurdish strugglein Iraq through the uprising known as Sulaymaniyah revolution. No accommodation of theinterests of the Iraqi Kurds by successive regimes dominate Iraq, making Iraq's Kurdish ethnicrebellion continued until the end of Iraq controlled by the authoritarian regime of SaddamHussein. The period of Saddam Hussein's regime was the toughest period in the history of ethnicKurds. Various Iraqi Kurdish policy of ethnic cleansing began intensified by the authoritarianregime of Saddam Hussein, but when it is also movement in Iraq's Kurdish ethnic nationalismgrew stronger.This study describes how the patterns of strategy ethnonationalism Kurdish movement inIraq during the reign of Saddam Hussein to go into Iraq's democratic process (period 1979-2012), as well as explaining what policies have been issued in order to accommodate theinterests of Kurds in Iraq during that period. This study also describes contemporary conflictsinvolving Iraq's ethnic Kurds as an actor in the conflict. So in this research will be able to seehow it changes shape patterns of Iraqi Kurdish nationalist movement from time to time as well asthe influence behind the change.Keywords: Iraq, Kurdish, Ethnonationalism
Religious Moderation in Indonesia: Navigating Conflict and Pluralism through Agonistic Democracy Danisworo, Tunggul Ganggas; Rahmatunissa, Mudiyati; Paskarina, Caroline
MUHARRIK: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Muharrik: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial
Publisher : Fakultas Dakwah Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/muharrik.v7i2.5625

Abstract

Indonesia's religious diversity presents significant challenges, particularly in managing public expressions of religious identity and achieving equality in diversity. To address these issues, the government introduced a religious moderation policy in 2019, which aims to foster tolerance and manage the relationship between religion and the state. This policy, formalized through Presidential Regulation No. 58 of 2023, aims to create a tolerant society that values diversity. However, the policy has faced criticism for emphasizing harmony over religious freedom and potentially favoring the majority religion, thus risking repressive pluralism and government control over religious practices. This study critically analyzes the religious moderation policy using the perspective of agonistic pluralism, which emphasizes the importance of conflict and diversity in democratic life. Using qualitative methods and Ernesto Laclau's critical discourse analysis, this study explores the policy's ability to redirect conflict constructively and prevent hegemonic domination. The findings show that while the policy aims to harmonize religious diversity, it risks undermining pluralism by imposing a state-supported version of religious practice, potentially sidelining minority religions and indigenous faiths. The conclusion is that the government's approach to articulating a discourse of moderation has the potential to create a kind of harmony that appears on the surface but is not authentic. By integrating values such as tolerance and anti-extremism into the dominant narrative, the government seeks to homogenize religious practice and eliminate legitimate diversity of views, which can ultimately curb the dynamics of healthy pluralism and create a false harmony that benefits certain power agendas.
Religious Moderation in Indonesia: Navigating Conflict and Pluralism through Agonistic Democracy Danisworo, Tunggul Ganggas; Rahmatunissa, Mudiyati; Paskarina, Caroline
MUHARRIK: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Muharrik: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial
Publisher : Fakultas Dakwah Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/muharrik.v7i2.5625

Abstract

Indonesia's religious diversity presents significant challenges, particularly in managing public expressions of religious identity and achieving equality in diversity. To address these issues, the government introduced a religious moderation policy in 2019, which aims to foster tolerance and manage the relationship between religion and the state. This policy, formalized through Presidential Regulation No. 58 of 2023, aims to create a tolerant society that values diversity. However, the policy has faced criticism for emphasizing harmony over religious freedom and potentially favoring the majority religion, thus risking repressive pluralism and government control over religious practices. This study critically analyzes the religious moderation policy using the perspective of agonistic pluralism, which emphasizes the importance of conflict and diversity in democratic life. Using qualitative methods and Ernesto Laclau's critical discourse analysis, this study explores the policy's ability to redirect conflict constructively and prevent hegemonic domination. The findings show that while the policy aims to harmonize religious diversity, it risks undermining pluralism by imposing a state-supported version of religious practice, potentially sidelining minority religions and indigenous faiths. The conclusion is that the government's approach to articulating a discourse of moderation has the potential to create a kind of harmony that appears on the surface but is not authentic. By integrating values such as tolerance and anti-extremism into the dominant narrative, the government seeks to homogenize religious practice and eliminate legitimate diversity of views, which can ultimately curb the dynamics of healthy pluralism and create a false harmony that benefits certain power agendas.
Co-Authors Caroline Paskarina Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Rahmatunissa, Mudiyati Tri Cahyo Utomo