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Machmud Thohari

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Author-ID : 2502134

Earth & Planetary Sciences Education

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Gejala Inbreeding dalam Penangkaran Satwa Liar Machmud Thohari
Media Konservasi Vol 1 No 4 (1987): Media Konservasi
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Captive breeding of some endangered wildlife species is very important, because the extinction of small population is almost inevitable, therefore, the genetic aspects of this breeding program should be made top priority to be observed. The small population size of any species tend to increasethe degradation degree of heterozygosity as a consequence of inbreeding. Genetic variation and the degree of heterozygosity of natural wildlife population are higherthan those of inbred population (in captive breeding) of the same species.Some inbreeding depression in small closed population as well as in captive animals are describedin this paper, e.g. viability depression, fecundity depression, sex ratio depression. To enhance the survival of a species in captive breeding, some strategies are suggested to becarried out, e.g. to avoid starting a population with animals which are already inbred, to prevent starting a population with related animals.

Wildlife Tracking by Telemetry Machmud Thohari
Media Konservasi Vol 2 No 4 (1989): Media Konservasi
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

There are some difficulties to study wildlife ecology in their natural habitat by using direct methods, especially for the species which have high mobility, or high sensitivity to human, or those which live nocturnal.A radio telemtry technique offers another alternative for studying the ecological aspect of wildlife, covering any species, i.e. big mammals, small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, birds, etc. The radio telemtry equipment consist of a transmitter radio, a receiver radio and an antenna. The transmitter is attached on an animal which is able to transmit pulsed signals continuously, which can be detected by the receiver radio and antenna. The transmitter is attached on an animal which is able to transmit pulsed signals continuosly, which can be detected by the receiver through the antenna.

Comparative Study on Blood Protein Polymorphism of Captive Bali Starling (Leucospar Rotschildi) from Indonesia, the United States and England Machmud Thohari; Burhanuddin Masyud; Sri Soepraptini Mansjoer; Cece Somantri; EKS Harini Muntasib; Agus Hikmat
Media Konservasi Vol 3 No 3 (1991): Media Konservasi
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Bali Starling (Leucopsar rotschildi) is stated as endangered species, and protected by law since 1970. The bird is only found in Bali Barat National Park. Captive breeding program of the bird has been camed out successfully in Indonesia, the United States and England. Furthermore, the individuals were planned released into their natural habitats. Therefore, a genetical study is important to know the genetical variability among the populations. Research on genetic polymorphism was conducted using an electrophoresis technique. Three captive populations of Bali starling and two other starling species i.e., black-winged starling (Smcnus n~elanopteros) and Asian pied starling(S. confra)were used for the study. All individualsof Bali starlingwere from Surabaya Zoo, consist of six individuals bred in Indonesia, eight individuals bred in the United States, and three individuals bred in England. Three individuals of black-winged starling and two individuals of Asian pied starling were bought from bird market at Bogor. Four locus analysed, i.e. Transferine (T), Post Transferine-1 (FT-I), Post Transferine-2 (FT-2) and Albumine (Al). The electrophoresis analysis resulted that all individuals of Bali starling were homozygote. So, there was no genetical polymorphism found among the Bali starling populations. The black-winged starling and Asian pied starling shown some degree of polymorphism, with heterozygosity value of 0.141 and 0.125 respectively. The study concluded that the heterozygotic rate of the captive Bali starling was extremely very low. The phenomenon shown that the genetical status of the Bali starling is extremely in critical quality. This maybe as a consequenq of the captive breeding by using only a small populations. Further research should be continued to analyse other loci, involving the natural populations of theBali starling.

PREFERENSI DAN PENDUGAAN PRODUKTIVITAS PAKAN ALAMI POPULASI GAJAH SUMATERA (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temmick, 1847) DI HUTAN PRODUKSI KHUSUS (HPKh) PUSAT LATIHAN GAJAH (PLG) SEBELAT, BENGKULU UTARA Yanto Santosa; Supartono .; Machmud Thohari
Media Konservasi Vol 16 No 3 (2011): Media Konservasi Vol. 16 Nomor 3, Desember 2011
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

The isolation of habitat, shrinking of natural habitat and diminishing of habitat quality have increased conflicts between man and elephant to utilize space and abundance of food. This research was carried out from April to June 2007 in Seblat Training Centre for Elephants. The objectives of this research were to recognize the potential of food plants for the elephants, the productivity of food plants, types and parts of food plants favoured by the elephants, and preferential of specific food plants and feeding behaviour. The analysis was conducted by means of vegetation analysis, through cutting and pruning parts of feeding plants, studying them and running statistical procedures to acquire conclusions about the food plant species. The analysis was followed by observing the feeding behaviour of the elephants on foot. Ground plant species which were potential as elephants’ feed comprised of 36 species, 29 spesies at seedling level, 26 species at sapling level, 24 species at pole level and 29 species at tree level. The highest productivity for sapling and pole levels are Leea indica and for seedling level is Gigantochloa cf. atroviolacea. The feeding plants of elephants comprises of 245 species from which 11 parts of the plants preferred by the elephants. Gigantochloa cf. atroviolacea and Stachyphrynium sp were the most favored plant species, indicated by the highest preferential index. The feeding behaviour of elephants could be categoried into 8 categories. Keywords: Sumatran elephant, Seblat Training Center of Elephants, preferential, productivity.

Co-Authors Agus Hikmat Burhanuddin Masyud Cece Somantri Endang Koestati Sri Harini Muntasib Sri Soepraptini Mansjoer Supartono Supartono YANTO SANTOSA

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