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All Journal Althea Medical Journal
Dzulfikar D. Lukmanul Hakim
Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung
Medicine & Pharmacology

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Antibacterial Effect of Human Milk against Streptococcus pyogenes: an in vitro Study Novi Vicahyani Utami; Nurul Nadiya Binti Abdul Razak; Dzulfikar D. Lukmanul Hakim
Althea Medical Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (715.659 KB) | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v6n4.1697

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes infection is one of the common upper respiratory infections among children. Human milk has antibacterial properties that may play a role against infections.  The study was conducted to observe the antibacterial effect of human milk against Streptococcus pyogenes.Methods: This was an in vitro experimental study conducted on October–November 2012 in Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, using agar well diffusion method. Human milk was collected from eligible donors and tested at concentrations of 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% dilution with water. Inhibition zone formed surrounding the wells were measured after 24 hours of incubation.Results: All samples incubated with human mils (in concentration of 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes, with the inhibition zone mean diameters of 26.33, 28.00, 28.00 and 28.33mm, respectively, compared to the well containing sterile aquadest that did not show any zone of inhibition.Conclusions: Human milk has an in vitro antibacterial effect against Streptococcus pyogenes. Giving human milk to babies is important for preventing infectious diseases.
Response Time, Decision Time, and Delivery Time in Pediatric Emergency Unit of West Java Top Referral Hospital Ayu Sary Oktaviani; Dzulfikar D. Lukmanul Hakim; Suwarman Suwarman
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (196.311 KB)

Abstract

Background: The number of visitors at pediatric emergency unit has increased around 25 million per year. This condition caused overcrowded in these units which would disrupt health care process. Waiting time is one indicator of health care quality. Prolonged waiting times is related to patient’s dissatisfaction and poor outcome. The aim of this study was to identify response time, decision time, and delivery time of Pediatric Emergency Unit in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Data from medical records of pediatric patients who attend Pediatric Emergency Unit, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from August to September 2015 were collected. The data included sex, age, day of admission, time of admission, insurance status, triage status, disposition of care, response time, decision time, and delivery time. The collected data were analyzed and presented in percentage and peformed in tables. Results: A total of 201 data were collected during study period. The geometric mean of total waiting time in pediatric emergency department was 346.65 minutes (5 hours 46 minutes). Response time had a geometric mean of 4.07 minutes, meanwhile decision time and delivery time had geometric mean of 46.77 minutes and 181.97 minutes, respectively.Conclusions: Total waiting times of pediatric emergency department exceeds the standard time (4 hours). Meanwhile response time and decision time have already met the standard. 
Co-Authors Ayu Sary Oktaviani Novi Vicahyani Utami Nurul Nadiya Binti Abdul Razak Suwarman Suwarman