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TEKNOLOGI PEMANFAATAN PASIR GUNUNG SEBAGAI PUPUK ALAMI: MEMPERCEPAT PELEPASAN UNSUR HARA Iskandar Iskandar; Indah Irwanti
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 5 No 1 (2003): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Volcanic sands, that contain relatively high content of dark minerals. can be used as a natural fertilizer. Unfortunately, the amount of the nutrients from this material available for the plant growth is very low. To increase the release of the nutrients to the environment. weathering process of the minerals should be accelerated. The objective of this research was to study the capability of urea and ammonium sulphate (ZA) in increasing the release of cations Ca2, Mg2, K1, Cu2 and Zn2 from the minerals. Urea and ZA used in this study is not only known as the source of N fertilizer but also found to destroy the floor of the storehouse made from concrete. Volcanic sands from Cimangkok and Ciapus were sieved with 100 mesh sieve and were mixed with each urea or ZA with the rate of 10%, 20% and 33%. The mixture was then 3 months incubated in wet conditions. The amount of Ca2 , Mg2, K1, Cu2 and Zn2 extracted with aquadest was measured at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months. Due to the higher acidity, adding df the ZA to the sand from Cimangkok and Ciapus effectively increased the amount of extracted Ca2, Mg2 and K1 compared to the adding of urea. At the rate of 10%, adding of the ZA to the sand from Ciapus increased the amount of extracted Ca2 from 25.3 mg kg-1 to 800.1 mg kg-1 and K from 10.6 mg kg-1 to 108.3 mg kg-1. The highest concentration of Mg2 was found on the treatment of ZA with a rate of 33%. i.e. from 9.8 mg kg-1 to 161.7 mg kg-1 in sand from Ciapus. Adding of the urea or of the ZA affected the amount of extracted Cu2 and Zn2, however, there was no trend which rate effectively have increased the extracted these cations. Generally, the incubation time of I, 2 or 3 months is not significantly effected the amount of extracted cations. Keywords: Ammonium sulphate (ZA). natural fertilizer. nutrient, volcanic sand, urea

PENGARUH VALENSI KATION DALAM RUANG-ANTAR LAPISAN VERMIKULIT TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA ALUMINIUMHIDROKSIVERMIKULIT Iskandar Iskandar
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol 7 No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University

Aluminumhydroxy-smectite (AHS), known also as pillared clay, has some specific characteristics such as wide specific surface area, high basal spacing, and stable at significant high temperature. The AHS was produced from smectite and polymer aluminumhydroxy. In the industrial sector, this product can be used as cracking-catalyst, absorber, and molecular sieve up to 500°C. A similar product can be constructed from vermiculite, and the aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite (AHV) is predicted to have better thermal stability than AHS due to a higher charge density of vermiculite that adsorbs more aluminumhydroxy than that of smectite.Related to the above background the objectives of the research were to study the effects of cation valence in the interlayer space of vermiculite using Li and Ml ions in the formation process and the chemical characteristics of AHV. Li and Mg-vermiculites with different particle sizes are reacted with polymer aluminum-hydroxy' at 100 °C temperature. Solution of 2% Locron was used as a source of aluminum-hydroxy. The products were characterized by chemically and mineralogica/~v. The chemical characteristic includes total chemical analysis, whereas the mineralogical characteristic comprises basal spacing identification that was measured with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results indicated that the AHV produced from Li-vermiculite showed peaks of 1.86 nm and 1.41-1.45 nm with increasing intensity of the 1.86 nm peaks as the particle size was finer. The AHV produced from Mg-vermiculite showed only a peak of 1.45 nm, whereas the 1.84 nm peak can on~v be identified as a shoulder. The AHV with a peak of 1.86 nm (AHV-I.86) can keep its basal spacing to 1.68 nm after 3 hours of heating at a temperature of 700°C, whereas the AHV-I.45 nm shrinkages to 1.10/0.98 nm at the same treatments. Chemical analysis showed that the inter/oyer space of the AHV-I.86 consists of more aluminum-hydroxy than that of the AHV-I.45. Ratio o(OH/AI o(the interlayer aluminum-hydroxy in the AHV-1.86 was 2.57, whereas that of the AHV-1.45 was 2.40. Keywords: Aluminum hydroxy-smectite, aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite, a pillared clay, polymer aluminumhydroxychloride, smectite. vermiculite

PENAPISAN SENYAWA FITOKIMIA DAN PENGUJIAN ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN POHON MERAPAT Kissinger Kissinger; Evrizal AM Zuhud; Latifah Latifah; Darusman Darusman; Iskandar Iskandar
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 31, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Hutan kerangas merupakan kumpulan vegetasi pohon di hutan hujan tropis, dicirikan antara lain oleh kandungan hara dan keanekaragaman hayati yang rendah, sehingga penggunaan pohonnya menjadi terbatas. Hutan kerangas tersebar luas di Kalimantan (misalnya Kalimantan Selatan). Salah satu jenis pohon yang dapat tumbuh dan berkembang pada kondisi ekstrim adalah merapat (Combretocarpus rotundatus). Daunnya mengandung senyawa kimia tertentu yang mengindikasikan berkemampuan fisiologis menghasilkan bioaktivitas seperti antioksidan. Sebagai konsekuesinya, hal ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah dari pemanfaatan pohon kerangas. Terkait hal tersebut, pencermatan terhadap kandungan senyawa fitokimia dan pengujian kemampuan antioksidan dilakukan terhadap sampel kering daun merapat yang berasal dari hutan kerangas di Kalimantan Selatan. Awalnya, daun kering diekstrak dengan larutan metanol menghasilkan ekstrak methanol (sampel 1), fraksinasi lanjutan dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluent kloroform. Fraksi kloroform yang didapatkan (sampel 2) selanjutnya difraksinasi kembali menggunakan campuran larutan etil asetat-kloroform (dengan proporsi sama), yang menghasilkan sampel 3. Pencermatan fitokimia mengungkapkan bahwa ekstrak metanol mengandung senyawa fitokimia tertentu seperti flavonoid, turunan phenol, hidrokuinon, tanin dan triterpenoid, yang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Ekstrak metanol (sampel 1) menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan memberikan reaksi reduksi terhadap pelepasan radikal bebas oleh Difenil Pikril Hidrazil Hidrat (DPPH) (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), walaupun penggunaan dari fraksi kloroform (sampel 2) dan fraksi lanjutan etil asetat-kloroform (sampel 3) sangat rendah. Penghambatan radikal bebas dari DPPH pada tingkat 50% (IC 50) oleh ekstrak metanol terjadi pada konsentrasi 21,823 ppm. Sementara itu, vitamin C dan BHT sebagai kontrol aktivitas antioksidan terbentuk lebih efisien pada konsentrasi di bawah 21,823 ppm (berturut-turut pada konsentrasi 6,738 ppm dan 6,279 ppm). Bagaimanapun, nilai IC 50 tersebut memberikan penjelasan kuat bahwa potensi bioaktivitas ekstrak metanol daun merapat dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan. Kata kunci : Hutan kerangas, jenis pohon merapat, daun, antioksidan, DPPH-pelepas radikal bebas, kontrol antioksidan, vitamin C dan BHT

KARAKTERISTIK BUAH DAN MUTU MORFO-FISIOLOGIS BENIH LONKIDA (Nauclea orientalis L.) DARI HABITAT ALAMI DI SULAWESI TENGGARA Faisal Danu Tuheteru; Cecep Kusmana; Irdika Masyur; Iskandar Iskandar
Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan Vol 8, No 3 (2014): Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan
Publisher : Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement (CFBTI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jpth.2014.8.3.152-170

Lonkida (Nauclea orientalis L.) is a native multipurpose tropical tree species in Indonesia, which a few information regarding its biology and ecology. An experimental research was carried out to examine characters of fruit, seed and seed quality of lonkida growing at different habitat in South East Sulawesi. Fruit and seed was collected from four habitat types, such as dry land, permanent swamp, temporary swamp and temporary swamp savanna. The parameters to be observed were fruit size, seed size and morpho-physiology seed quality. The results showed that fruit size and number of seed per fruit are significantly different among habitats. The mean of fruit’s length and width and number of seed per fruit originated from permanent swamp and temporary swamp is greater than that of fruit’s from lonkida stand growing in the remain habitat’s. Those parameters ranging from 4.99±0.17 to 6.66±0.19 cm for fruit length and 3812±519 to 13.984±1912 seed for number of seed per fruit. Beside, the habitat condition also significantly affected to the characters of seed dimension and seed quality. Permanent swamp was a habitat with seed size and seed weight lower compare to another habitats. However, seeds produced by the lonkida stand growing on permanent swamp habitat and temporary swamp savanna has the higher percent of germination, germination capacity and mean day germination (MDG) than that of the seeds from lonkida stand growing on other habitats. Seed length is positively correlated with seed width and negative correlation with means germination time.

Characteristic and Genesis of Black and Red Soil Vertisol in Jeneponto Regency Nirmala Juita; . Iskandar; . Sudarsono
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 21, No 2: May 2016
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2016.v21i2.123-128

One of factors that is interasting from Vertisol to be investigated beside the management of the soil fertility was color variations which can vary from gray to brown and brownish red. Exclusive characteristics of Vertisol are shrink swell capacity with clay dominant clay that make agricultural activities in the Jeneponto area less productive. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences of physical and chemical characteristics of black and red Vertisol in Jeneponto R.egency. The research location was based on the difference and overlaying of soil color. Black soils were taken from the village Bontomarannu and Tonrokassi Timur while red soil and overlaying colors of red and black soil were taken from the village Sarroanging. Results showed that one of the chemical characteristic which was very differences between black and red soils were calcium carbonate and base saturation. Generally CaCO3 on black soil was higher (ranged of 13.20-36.73%) than red soil (ranged of 2.21-13.86%). As for overlaying colors of red and black soil were ranged of 2.62-3.88%. The highest base saturation was found in the black soil that was> 100%, red soil between 40-89% and overlaying colors red and black soil between 80-83%. While Fe, Mn and Al concentrations were highest with citrate dithionite bicarbonate extracts followed by oxalate and pyrophosphate extracts. Clay montmorillonite minerals were present in all profiles observed.

Utilization of Coal Bottom Ash and Cattle Manure as Soil Ameliorant on Acid Soil and Its Effect on Heavy Metal Content in Mustard (Brassica juncea) Rika Yayu Agustini; Iskandar Iskandar; Sudarsono Sudarsono; Jaswadi Jaswadi; Gusti Wahdaniyah
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 22, No 2: May 2017
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2017.v22i2.87-95

Coal bottom ash and cattle manure can be used as soil ameliorant. The application of coal bottom ash and cattle manure can improve the soil chemical properties, such as pH and the amounts of available nutrients in soil. The objective of the study was to understand the effect of coal bottom ash and cow manure application on soil chemical properties and heavy metal contents in soil and mustard (Brassica juncea). A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, including three treatment factors, i.e. age of coal bottom ash (fresh, 4 months and 2 years), dose of coal bottom ash, i.e. 0, 40 and 80 Mg ha-1, and dose of cattle manure, i.e. 0 and 10 Mg ha-1. The results show that the application of coal bottom ash and cattle manure increased the pH and the amounts of total-N, available-P and exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) of the soil. The application of coal bottom ash increased the amounts of Pb, Cd and Co in the soil, but did not increase the amounts of Pb and Co in mustard, while the application of cattle manure increased the amount of Cd both in soil and mustard. Keywords: Coal bottom ash, cattle manure, heavy metal, mustard, soil ameliorant

Characteristics of soils developed from alluvium and their potential for cocoa plant development in East Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi E Yatno; S Sudarsono; I Iskandar; B Mulyanto
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Cocoa is one of plantation commodities that is quite important for the national economy. Land management for the development of this plant should pay attention to the characteristics of the soil. Three soil profiles formed from alluvium parent material in East Kolaka Regency were investigated to determine the mineralogical, physical, and chemical soil properties, as well as the potential of the land for the development of cocoa plant. The results showed that the mineral composition of the sand fraction was dominated by quartz, while the clay mineral fraction was composed of kaolinite, hydrate halloysite, interstratified of illite-vermiculite and smectite. The soils were characterized by poor drainage, low bulk density (0.78 to 0.95 g / cm3), moderate available water pores (10-15%), slow to fast permeability (0.10 to 14.05 cm / h), silty clay loam to silty clay texture of top soil, acidic soil reaction (pH 4.62 to 5.47), high organic C content (3.86 to 4.60%) in the top soil and very low organic C content (<0.65%) in the lower layer, moderate to high available P (14-38 mg / kg) in the A horizon and very low to moderate (1-18 mg / kg) in horizon B, moderate to high P2O5 (30-71 mg / 100g) in horizon A and extremely low (1-11 mg / 100g) in horizon B, very low to moderate K2O (3-28 mg / 100g ), moderate to high exchangeable Ca (9.32 to 13.92 cmolc / kg) in the upper and lower (0.70 to 5.04 cmolc / kg) in the bottom layer, high exchangeable Mg content (2.83 to 8.95 cmolc / kg), high soil CEC (34.18 to 38.28 cmolc / kg) in the upper layer and low to moderate (7.87 to 20.39 cmolc / kg) in the bottom layer, moderate to high base saturation (44-68%), and very low to moderate Al saturation (0-17%). At the family level, the soil was classified as Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts (EK 1 profile) and Typic Endoaquepts (EK 2 and EK 3 profiles), finely loamy, mix, acid, isohypertermik. The land was marginally suitable (S3) for cocoa plant with the contraints of impeded drainage, acid soil reaction, and low K2O. Drainage channel management can be done to increase the carrying capacity of the land for the development of cocoa plant.

PENGGUNAAN BAHAN HUMAT DAN KOMPOS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS TANAH BEKAS TAMBANG NIKEL SEBAGAI MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria). Ikbal Ikbal; Iskandar Iskandar; Sri Wilarso Budi R
Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (JPSL)
Publisher : Graduate School Bogor Agricultural University (SPs IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.6.1.53

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of humic materials and compost on soil chemical properties and plant growth. The research was conducted in the Nickel Mine Land in PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk., Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi. Soil analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Soil Research Institution, Bogor. Experiments were performed using randomized block design factorial 2 factors, with: Humic material level (0; 0.5; and 1.0 ml/plant) and compost level dosage (0.0; 1.0; and 2.5 kg/plant). The results showed that humic material and compost affect the improvement of the soil chemical properties. The combination of humic material and compost were able to increase N total, CEC, P, available base and saturation exchangeable. Humic material able to reduce Cr and Ni available in the soil. Whereas compost and combination of humic materials and compost able to reduce Ni available in the soil. Humic material and compost were also significantly affect the plant height, root lenght, diameter, nodule, and biomass. The best treatment was 1.0 ml and compost 2.5 kg to plant growth.

PENAPISAN SENYAWA FITOKIMIA DAN PENGUJIAN ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN POHON MERAPAT Kissinger Kissinger; Evrizal AM Zuhud; Latifah Latifah; Darusman Darusman; Iskandar Iskandar
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 31, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2013.31.1.9-18

Hutan kerangas merupakan kumpulan vegetasi pohon di hutan hujan tropis, dicirikan antara lain oleh kandungan hara dan keanekaragaman hayati yang rendah, sehingga penggunaan pohonnya menjadi terbatas. Hutan kerangas tersebar luas di Kalimantan (misalnya Kalimantan Selatan). Salah satu jenis pohon yang dapat tumbuh dan berkembang pada kondisi ekstrim adalah merapat (Combretocarpus rotundatus). Daunnya mengandung senyawa kimia tertentu yang mengindikasikan berkemampuan fisiologis menghasilkan bioaktivitas seperti antioksidan. Sebagai konsekuesinya, hal ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah dari pemanfaatan pohon kerangas. Terkait hal tersebut, pencermatan terhadap kandungan senyawa fitokimia dan pengujian kemampuan antioksidan dilakukan terhadap sampel kering daun merapat yang berasal dari hutan kerangas di Kalimantan Selatan. Awalnya, daun kering diekstrak dengan larutan metanol menghasilkan ekstrak methanol (sampel 1), fraksinasi lanjutan dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluent kloroform. Fraksi kloroform yang didapatkan (sampel 2) selanjutnya difraksinasi kembali menggunakan campuran larutan etil asetat-kloroform (dengan proporsi sama), yang menghasilkan sampel 3. Pencermatan fitokimia mengungkapkan bahwa ekstrak metanol mengandung senyawa fitokimia tertentu seperti flavonoid, turunan phenol, hidrokuinon, tanin dan triterpenoid, yang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Ekstrak metanol (sampel 1) menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan memberikan reaksi reduksi terhadap pelepasan radikal bebas oleh Difenil Pikril Hidrazil Hidrat (DPPH) (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), walaupun penggunaan dari fraksi kloroform (sampel 2) dan fraksi lanjutan etil asetat-kloroform (sampel 3) sangat rendah. Penghambatan radikal bebas dari DPPH pada tingkat 50% (IC 50) oleh ekstrak metanol terjadi pada konsentrasi 21,823 ppm. Sementara itu, vitamin C dan BHT sebagai kontrol aktivitas antioksidan terbentuk lebih efisien pada konsentrasi di bawah 21,823 ppm (berturut-turut pada konsentrasi 6,738 ppm dan 6,279 ppm). Bagaimanapun, nilai IC 50 tersebut memberikan penjelasan kuat bahwa potensi bioaktivitas ekstrak metanol daun merapat dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan. Kata kunci : Hutan kerangas, jenis pohon merapat, daun, antioksidan, DPPH-pelepas radikal bebas, kontrol antioksidan, vitamin C dan BHT

Karakteristik Tanah yang Terbentuk dari Batuan Skis dan Kesesuaian Lahannya untuk Tanaman Kakao: Studi Kasus di Sulawesi Tenggara Edi Yatno; Sudarsono Sudarsono; B. Mulyanto; Iskandar Iskandar
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 39, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v39n2.2015.109-120

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