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All Journal Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET)
Yheni Dwiningsih
University of Arkansas
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Genetics, Biochemistry and Biophysical Analysis of Anthocyanin in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yheni Dwiningsih; Jawaher Alkahtani
Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET) Vol 4, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v4i1.11659

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary staple food for half of the world population. It is generally classified based on the grain color into black, red, purple, brown, green, and white. These colored rice are determined by the composition and concentration of anthocyanin pigments in different layers of aleurone, pericarp, and seed coat. Anthocyanins are also accumulated in various tissues of the rice plants, mostly in the grain, but are also presents in leaves, leaf sheath, floral organ, and hull. The type and concentration of the anthocyanins in rice tissues are influenced by the cultivars and developmental stages. Anthocyanin-enriched rice is related to the health effects, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation activities that potentially use as functional food ingredients, dietary supplements, and natural colorants. Structural and regulatory genes are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis of rice. Various molecular biology techniques have been applied to improve productivity, nutritional contents, and market value of pigmented rice. This review focused on the genetics, biochemistry and biophysical analysis of anthocyanin in rice that will facilitate rice breeding program to develop new high-yield pigmented rice varieties. 
Genome-Wide Association Study of Complex Traits in Maize Detects Genomic Regions and Genes for Increasing Grain Yield and Grain Quality Yheni Dwiningsih; Jawaher Al-Kahtani
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol 4, No 2 (2022): May-October
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v4i2.12678

Abstract

This review describes the current status of genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the major crops in maize (Zea mays L.) concentrate on performing association mapping as a novel method in associating genetic and complex traits, current strategy in analyzing of phenotype and genotype data to identify population structure and linkage disequilibrium. GWAS has an important role in food security because this method identified many crucial genomic regions of important traits in the most commercialize crops of the world, such as maize. These complex traits including yield, grain quality, biofortification, biotic and abiotic resistance. GWAS has many advantages correlated with reducing genotyping cost and research time, increasing mapping resolution and larger allele number. Meanwhile, GWAS has two main limitations related to population size and the number of markers. There are many software packages for data analysis in GWAS. The most commonly software that was used in GWAS especially in this crop is TASSEL because frequently updated. Recently, many research papers concentrated on GWAS in maize. GWAS analysis accelerated identification of genetic regions, candidate genes within these genomic regions and their metabolomic analysis correlated to the complex traits in maize for increasing grain yield and grain quality to fulfill the market demands.
Co-Authors Jawaher Al-Kahtani Jawaher Alkahtani