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PENGELOLAAN HARA MIKRO ZN DALAM TANAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN/Management of Micro Zink Nutrition in Soil to Improve Plant Quality and Productivity Mirawanty Amin; Herlina N Salamba; Asnawi Asnawi
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 41, No 1 (2022): Juni, 2022
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jp3.v41n1.2022.p32-43

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient that has an important role in various physiological and photosynthetic processes of plants. However the important role of Zn has not yet been concidered. This paper discussed the source of Zn and its availability in the soil, the important role of Zn in plants and strategies to overcome Zn deficiency in the soil. Zn has an important role in increasing crop production and yield quality. Zn nutrients in soil derived from parent material with an average content of 78 mg/kg. The low Zn level in the soil causes stunted plant and low crop yields. Zinc deficiency in plants resulted leaf chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, stunted plants, deformed and stunted leaves. Zn deficiency in soil can cause yield loss up to 40% without the appearance of leaf symptoms. Plants absorb Zn in the form of Zn2+. Soils in Indonesia have low Zn content so that production and quality of crops are low. Zn plays an important role in plant growth, gene expression, enzyme structure, photosynthesis, pollen development, sugar transformation, protein synthesis, membrane permeability, signal transduction and auxin metabolism, and increasing maturation of seeds and stems. The critical limit of soil Zn for most plants ranges from 0.5-2.0 mg Zn/kg for DTPA extractant, while the critical limit in plant tissue is 20 mg Zn/kg. The management of Zn nutrients needs to be considered, although it is needed only in small amounts. Without Zn nutrient management, its concentration in soil will continuously decreased. Management strategies in overcoming low Zn availability in plants are application of fertilizer containing Zn and the use of varieties that have high Zn content. The application of ZnSO4 of 60 kg/ha can increased the yield of grain, straw, number of tillers, plant height and weight of 1000 grains in rice plants. The treatment of soaking rice seeds in a solution of 0.05% ZnSO4 for ± 5 minutes + 100 kg TSP/ha was the best treatment giving the highest grain weight in Grumusol and Alluvial.Keywords: Micronutrients Zn, deficiency, management AbtrakHara mikro Zn memiliki peranan penting dalam berbagai proses fisiologis dan fotosintesis untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman, namun belum mendapatkan perhatian. Naskah ini membahas sumber Zn dan ketersediannnya pada tanah, peranan penting hara Zn pada tanaman, dan strategi mengatasi kekurangan Zn dalam tanah. Hara Zn dalam tanah berasal dari batuan bahan induk tanah dengan kandungan rata-rata 78 mg/kg. Kadar Zn yang rendah di tanah menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman terhambat dan hasil rendah. Kekurangan Zn pada tanaman menyebabkan klorosis dan bintik-bintik nekrotik pada daun, pertumbuhan kerdil, dan daun cacat. Pada tanah yang kekurangan Zn, tanaman dapat mengalami kehilangan hasil hingga 40% tanpa gejala pada daun. Tanaman menyerap Zn dalam bentuk Zn2+. Tanah di Indonesia memiliki kandungan Zn yang rendah sehingga produksi dan kualitas tanaman rendah. Zn berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan tanaman, ekspresi gen, struktur enzim, fotosintesis, perkembangan polen, transformasi gula, sintesis protein, permeabilitas membran, transduksi sinyal, metabolisme auksin, pematangan biji dan batang. Batas kritis Zn dalam tanah untuk sebagian besar tanaman berkisar antara 0,5-2,0 mg Zn/kg untuk pengekstrak DTPA, sedangkan batas kritis pada jaringan tanaman 20 mg Zn/kg. Meskipun diperlukan tanaman dalam jumlah yang kecil, hara Zn perlu dikelola dengan baik. Strategi pengelolaan hara Zn agar selalu tersedia di tanah adalah melalui pemupukan dan penggunaan varietas yang mengandung Zn tinggi. Pemberian ZnSO4 60 kg/ha dapat meningkatkan hasil gabah, jerami, jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, dan bobot 1.000 butir tanaman padi. Perlakuan perendaman bibit padi dalam larutan 0,05% ZnSO4 selama ± 5 menit + 100 kg TSP/ ha memberikan bobot gabah tertinggi pada Grumusol dan Aluvial.Kata kunci: Hara mikro Zn, defisiensi, pengelolaan
Polusi Tanah dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kesehatan Manusia Mirawanty Amin
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 15, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jsdl.v15n1.2021.36-45

Abstract

Abstrak.  Polusi tanah merupakan masalah lingkungan yang sering dihadapi. Polusi tanah mengacu pada keberadaan bahan kimia atau zat yang hadir dengan konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dari batas normal serta memiliki dampak negatif pada makhluk hidup dan lingkungan. Sumber polusi tanah diantaranya berasal dari kegiatan pertambangan, limbah rumah tangga, kegiatan pertanian dan masih banyak lagi. Apabila tidak dilakukan tindakan pencegahan atau remediasi dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, terutama bagi kesehatan manusia. Berbagai macam metode remediasi dapat dilakukan dengan metode berbasis sains, seperti peningkatan aktivitas mikroba (bioremediasi) dan penggunaan vegetasi untuk menghilangkan kontaminan (fitoremediasi). Metode ini dianggap dapat menjadi teknik pengendalian tanah tercemar karena mudah dan ekonomis untuk dilakukan.  Tindakan pencegahan lain yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati.  Arang aktif dapat juga digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah polusi tanah akibat residu pestisida. Arang aktif diketahui memiliki daya serap yang tinggi terhadap pencemar residu pestisida.  Diharapkan tulisan ini dapat memberikan informasi tentang polusi tanah dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia serta tindakan pencegahannya.
PENGELOLAAN HARA MIKRO ZN DALAM TANAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN/Management of Micro Zink Nutrition in Soil to Improve Plant Quality and Productivity Mirawanty Amin; Herlina N Salamba; Asnawi Asnawi
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 41, No 1 (2022): Juni, 2022
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jp3.v41n1.2022.p32-43

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient that has an important role in various physiological and photosynthetic processes of plants. However the important role of Zn has not yet been concidered. This paper discussed the source of Zn and its availability in the soil, the important role of Zn in plants and strategies to overcome Zn deficiency in the soil. Zn has an important role in increasing crop production and yield quality. Zn nutrients in soil derived from parent material with an average content of 78 mg/kg. The low Zn level in the soil causes stunted plant and low crop yields. Zinc deficiency in plants resulted leaf chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, stunted plants, deformed and stunted leaves. Zn deficiency in soil can cause yield loss up to 40% without the appearance of leaf symptoms. Plants absorb Zn in the form of Zn2+. Soils in Indonesia have low Zn content so that production and quality of crops are low. Zn plays an important role in plant growth, gene expression, enzyme structure, photosynthesis, pollen development, sugar transformation, protein synthesis, membrane permeability, signal transduction and auxin metabolism, and increasing maturation of seeds and stems. The critical limit of soil Zn for most plants ranges from 0.5-2.0 mg Zn/kg for DTPA extractant, while the critical limit in plant tissue is 20 mg Zn/kg. The management of Zn nutrients needs to be considered, although it is needed only in small amounts. Without Zn nutrient management, its concentration in soil will continuously decreased. Management strategies in overcoming low Zn availability in plants are application of fertilizer containing Zn and the use of varieties that have high Zn content. The application of ZnSO4 of 60 kg/ha can increased the yield of grain, straw, number of tillers, plant height and weight of 1000 grains in rice plants. The treatment of soaking rice seeds in a solution of 0.05% ZnSO4 for ± 5 minutes + 100 kg TSP/ha was the best treatment giving the highest grain weight in Grumusol and Alluvial.Keywords: Micronutrients Zn, deficiency, management AbtrakHara mikro Zn memiliki peranan penting dalam berbagai proses fisiologis dan fotosintesis untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman, namun belum mendapatkan perhatian. Naskah ini membahas sumber Zn dan ketersediannnya pada tanah, peranan penting hara Zn pada tanaman, dan strategi mengatasi kekurangan Zn dalam tanah. Hara Zn dalam tanah berasal dari batuan bahan induk tanah dengan kandungan rata-rata 78 mg/kg. Kadar Zn yang rendah di tanah menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman terhambat dan hasil rendah. Kekurangan Zn pada tanaman menyebabkan klorosis dan bintik-bintik nekrotik pada daun, pertumbuhan kerdil, dan daun cacat. Pada tanah yang kekurangan Zn, tanaman dapat mengalami kehilangan hasil hingga 40% tanpa gejala pada daun. Tanaman menyerap Zn dalam bentuk Zn2+. Tanah di Indonesia memiliki kandungan Zn yang rendah sehingga produksi dan kualitas tanaman rendah. Zn berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan tanaman, ekspresi gen, struktur enzim, fotosintesis, perkembangan polen, transformasi gula, sintesis protein, permeabilitas membran, transduksi sinyal, metabolisme auksin, pematangan biji dan batang. Batas kritis Zn dalam tanah untuk sebagian besar tanaman berkisar antara 0,5-2,0 mg Zn/kg untuk pengekstrak DTPA, sedangkan batas kritis pada jaringan tanaman 20 mg Zn/kg. Meskipun diperlukan tanaman dalam jumlah yang kecil, hara Zn perlu dikelola dengan baik. Strategi pengelolaan hara Zn agar selalu tersedia di tanah adalah melalui pemupukan dan penggunaan varietas yang mengandung Zn tinggi. Pemberian ZnSO4 60 kg/ha dapat meningkatkan hasil gabah, jerami, jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, dan bobot 1.000 butir tanaman padi. Perlakuan perendaman bibit padi dalam larutan 0,05% ZnSO4 selama ± 5 menit + 100 kg TSP/ ha memberikan bobot gabah tertinggi pada Grumusol dan Aluvial.Kata kunci: Hara mikro Zn, defisiensi, pengelolaan
Perbaikan Sifat Tanah pada Lahan Berpasir Dengan Pemberian Pupuk Kandang dan Pupuk Hayati Putri Tria Santari; Mirawanty Amin; Ronny Mulyawan
Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2021: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-9 “Sustainable Urban Farming Guna Meningkatkan
Publisher : Pusat Unggulan Riset Pengembangan Lahan Suboptimal (PUR-PLSO) Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Santari PT, Amin M, mulyawan R. 2021. improvement of Soil Properties on Sandy Soil By Providing Amelliorant and Biofertilizers. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-9 Tahun 2021, Palembang  20 Oktober 2021. pp. 854-862.  Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI). Nutrients N, P, K are nutrients needed by plants in large amounts because these elements affect the growth and production of plants. N, P, K deficiencies are often found, especially in sandy soil types. Sandy soil has a low content of organik matter and nutrients. In sandy soil, the sand fraction content is high so that the nutrients are not easily bound, it is easy to pass water, and the total number of microorganisms is relatively low. The existence of these obstacles makes sandy soils need further management so that they can be used optimally. Ways that can be done to improve and increase the status of soil fertility are by giving manure and biological fertilizers. It is believed that the application of manure and biological fertilizer can improve physical, chemical, and biological properties. The provision of manure and biological fertilizers can increase plant productivity because they can be a stimulant in nutrient availability and improving soil physical properties. Several studies and literature on the application of manure and biological fertilizers on sandy soils have been carried out, either singly or in combination. This paper aims to compile the results of research on the application of manure and types of biological fertilizers applied to sandy soils so that a conclusion can be found that can be recommended by farmers in managing sandy soils.